第3个回答 2009-06-08
初二物理下学期期末测试题
一，填空题：（
1，力是物体对________的作用，物体间力的作用是________。
2，牛顿第一定律的内容是：一切物体在________的时候，总保持_____或________状态。
3，压强是表示___________的物理量；水面下20米的地方受到水的压强是________帕。
4，通常把等于______毫米水银柱的大气压叫做标准大气压；1标准大气压等于________帕。
5，浮力是由于液体对物体向上和向下的________产生的，浮力的方向总________。
6，质量是300克的小球，当它漂浮在液面上时受到的浮力是________牛顿。
7，力学里功包括的两个必要因素，一是________________，二是________________。
8，在平直路上匀速运动的汽车，向前的牵引力________向后的摩擦力；密度小于水的物体漂浮在水中，受到的浮力________物体的重力。（选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”）
9，杠杆的平衡是指杠杆处于____________或_________________状态。
10，用一个动滑轮将质量是100千克的物体匀速提起10米，用了10秒，那么绳子自由端上升的速度是___________米/秒，提起物体的功率是__________瓦。
二，选择题：（每题2分，共50分）
1，下面哪句话说得不对？：（ ）
A，一个物体受到了力，一定有别的物体对它施力；
B， 上升的氢气球没有受到重力的作用；
C，游泳时，人对水施加了力，同时水对人也施加了力；
D， 挂在树上的苹果也要受到重力的作用。
2，某同学用250牛顿的力竖直向上提起一个重200牛顿的水桶时，桶受到的合力的大小和方向是：（ ）
A， 450牛顿，向上；B， 450牛顿，向下；C， 50牛顿，向下；D，50牛顿，向上。
3，关于惯性现象，下列说法中错误的是：（ ）
A， 人走路时，被石头拌倒会向前倒；
B， 用铁铲把沙送上车厢时，铁铲不动了，沙仍会向前运动；
C， 站在车上的乘客，当车突然开动时，会向前倒；
D， 桌面上有一张十分光滑纸条，在纸条上放一只鸡蛋。当快速把纸条抽掉后，鸡蛋仍留在桌面上。
4，下面哪两个力是平衡力？：（ ）
A，用钓鱼杆把钓到的鱼从水里加速拉上来时，拉力和鱼的重力；
B， 汽车在平直道路上作匀速直线运动时，受到的牵引力和阻力；
C，用很大的力气推箱子，箱子终于被推动了，人的推力和箱子受到的摩擦力；
D， 放在桌面上的电视机，电话机受到的重力和桌面受到的压力。
5，下面哪种做法是为了减小摩擦？：（ ）
A，在鞋底、轮胎上刻有凹凸不平的花纹；B， 下雨天在泥泞的路面上撒些炉渣或沙子；
C，用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦；D， 增大压力和增大接触面之间的粗糙程度。
6，下面哪种说法是错误的？：（ ）
A， 帕斯卡概括出力学的惯性规律；B， 马德堡半球的实验表明存在大气压；
C， 阿基米德发现了浮力的计算方法；D， 托里拆利实验测出了大气压强的值。
7，一个1牛顿的钩码，挂在弹簧秤钩上，当钩码浸没在水里时，弹簧秤的示数是0.87牛顿，这个钩码受到水的浮力是：（ ）
A，0.13牛顿 ，B， 1.87牛顿；C， 0.87牛顿；D，1牛顿。
8，如图所示，在装有水的容器里，水对容器里a、b、c三点的压强大小是：（ ）
A，水对a点没有压强； B， 水对c点没有压强；
C，水对a点的压强最大，对b点的压强最小；D， 水对b点的压强最大，对a点的压强最小。
9，把同一个小球放到三种密度不同的液体里，小球静止时的情况如图所示，那么：（ ）
A，图甲液体的密度最大；B， 图乙液体的密度最大；
C，图丙液体的密度最大；D， 图甲跟图乙的液体密度一样大。
10，如图，甲、乙、丙、丁是四个体积、形状相同而材料不同的球，根据它们在水中静止不动时的情况可以判定受到密度最小的是：（ ）
A，甲； B， 乙； C，丙； D， 丁。
11，下面关于杠杆的说法，正确的是：（ ）
A，硬的直棒就是杠杆；B， 等臂杠杆既不省力也不费力；
C，费力杠杆的动力臂比阻力臂长；D， 从支点到阻力作用点的连线叫阻力臂。
12，如图所示，弹簧秤对杠杆拉力的力臂与钩码对杠杆拉力的力臂之比是5:2，弹簧秤读数是4牛，杠杆重忽略不计，则钩码重：（ ）
A， 10牛；B， 4牛；C， 2.5牛；D，1.6牛。
13，分别用图中所示的装置甲和乙把同一重物吊到同一高度时：（ ）
A， 用装置甲吊起重物比用装置乙省力；
B， 用装置乙吊起重物比用装置甲省力；
B， 用装置甲或装置乙吊起重物所用拉力相同；
D， 用装置乙吊起重物，动力移动的距离比用装置甲小。
14，下列哪种情况不是重力做功？：（ ）
A，熟透了的苹果从村上掉到地下；B， 飞机在高空作水平飞行；
C，竖直向上抛后的石块直往下砸；D， 放进水池里的玻璃球慢慢下沉。
15，对于使用滑轮组，下列说法中正确的是：（ ）
A，可以省力，但必须改变用力方向；B， 可以省力，但不能改变用力方向；
C，可以省力，同时有可省距离；D， 可以省力，同时可以改变用力的方向，但不能同时省距离。
16，做托里拆利实验时，如果把玻璃管倾斜，在倾斜过程：（ ）
A，玻璃管中的水银柱长度始终不变；B， 玻璃管中的水银柱长度变大、竖直高度始终不变；
C，玻璃管中的水银柱的长度和竖直高度都变大；D， 玻璃管中的水银柱的长度不变、竖直高度变小。
17，下列工具中属于省力的杠杆是：（ ）
A，镊子； B，螺丝刀； C，理发剪刀； D，钓鱼杆。
18，一木块浮在水面时，有1/4的体积露出水面，若截去这露出水面的部分，则剩下的木块将会：（ ）
A，全部浸没在水中； B，有1/4的体积露出水面；
C，有一半露出水面； D，有3/4的体积露出水面。
19，如图所示，杠杆OA的B点挂着一重物，A端用绳子吊在滑环M下，此时OA 恰好成水平，且A点与圆弧架PQ的圆心重合，那么当滑环M从P点逐渐滑到Q点的过程中，绳子对A端拉力的大小将：
A，保持不变；B，逐渐增大；C，逐渐减少；D，由大变小再变大。
20，一个铁盒漂浮在水面，当铁盒倾斜后因进水而沉入容器的底部后，则：（ ）
A，容器内的水面将下降；B， 容器内的水面将升高；C，容器内的水面将不变；
D， 无法判断水面高度的变化。
21, 把质量为2千克、体积为1.8分米3的物体放入水中，放手后这物体将会：
A、 上浮； B、不动； C、下沉； D、无法确定。
22，甲、乙两人爬山比赛，已知两人的体重之比为3:2，爬完相同的山，所用的时间之比是4: 3，则甲乙两人的功率之比为：（ ）
A，1:2； B，2:1； C，8:9； D，9:8。
23，甲乙两个机械，甲机械的效率是70%，乙机械的效率是50%，则：（ ）
A，使用甲机械做功省力；B， 使用乙机械做功多；C，使用甲机械做功快；D， 以上说法都不对。
24，用200牛顿的拉力，沿水平方向拉质量是100千克的大车和50千克的小车，它们都在力的方向上移动了10米，拉大车和小车所用的时间各不相同，则：
A，拉大车做功多； B，拉小车做功多；C，拉大车、小车做功一样多；
D，拉大车、小车做功快慢相同。
三，计算题：（共15分）
1，体积是100厘米3、重2.65牛顿的铝块挂在弹簧秤上，当铝块全部浸没在底面积为0 .2分米2的圆柱体容器里的水中时，水没有溢出容器。求：
（1）弹簧秤的示数；
（2）由于铝块浸没在水中，水容器底部增加的压强。
2，如图所示，杠杆处于平衡状态，其中OA长1米，OB长0.25米，重物P重58.8牛，滑轮和杠杆的质量不计，求： （1）重物G重多少牛？（2）滑轮悬挂点D、C各受多大的力？
四，实验题：（共10分）
1，在“测定滑轮组的机械效率”实验中。（1），如图所示，若动滑轮的物重为5N，
重物重为100N，则拉力至少为______ N（2），若把钩码匀速拉升10厘米，弹簧秤示数如图所示，则拉力为_____ N；有用功为_______焦耳；总功为______焦耳；机械效率为_______。
2，在“研究杠杆平衡”的实验中，按右图所示，把钩码挂在杠杆两边，改变钩码的位置，使杠杆在水平位置平衡。
（1）根据上图所示，用图上的符号，写出杠杆的平衡条件是________________________；
（2）根据杠杆的平衡条件，当杠杆平衡时，填写下表中的空格：
动力（牛） 动力臂（厘米） 阻力（牛） 阻力臂（厘米）
0.98 4.0 8.0
1.47 2.45 6.0
2.0 1.96 4.0
五，问答题：（共5分）
跳远时，要助跑一段路程，这对提高跳远成绩有什么好处？为什么？
英语初二冀教版(下)
I 词汇
1. It was too cold in the room, so he ___________（点燃）a fire.
2. There are only a few __________（叶子）on the tree now.
3. As the candle burns, it_____________（用完）the oxygen in the air.
4. This type of transportation is much ____________（快速的）than that type.
5. I have finished ___________（修理）the broken bike.
II 单项选择
( ) 1. –Be quiet! Don’t __________ a loud noise. –Sorry.
A. become B. play C. make D. like
( )2. I won’t go home _________ I finish my drawing.
A. as B. until C. but D. when
( )3.Roots bring water ________ the ground _________ the plant.
A. from, to B. between, and C. too, to D. either, or
( )4. The food _________delicious. I want to eat some more.
A. tastes B. becomes C. makes D. gets
( )5. Today is ________ Eater Sunday. I’ll buy ________ Easter basket.
A. the, an B. x, an C. an, the D. x, the
( )6. __________ of the students in our class are girls.
A. Two third B. Two-thirds C. Second three D. Two-third
( )7. There ________ a sports meeting in our school next month.
A. will have B. is going to be C .is going to have D. shall be
( )8. --________ going out for a walk this evening?
--That’s a good idea.
A. Let’s B. Why not C. What about D. Shall we
( )9. I’ll give you something to drink ________ you give me the money.
A. as long as B. where C. which D. whatever
( )10. If I _______go there today, I must go there tomorrow.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. mustn’t
( )11. We have thought of an invention, today we want to ________ it _______ the class.
A. bring, to B. put, to C. put, away D. present, to
( )12. Please show me the _________. I’d like something to eat.
A. button B. menu C. computer D. monitor
( )13. I haven’t ________ her for a long time.
A. sent B. received C. heard from D. written a letter
( )14. People have done something to stop animals from__________.
A. to go extinct B. to go to extinct C. going extinct D. going to extinct
( )15. You don’t look very well. You’d better _______ to work today.
A. not to go B. not going C. go D. not go
( )16. It makes me very ________when my friends come to see me.
A. hard B. happy C. sad D. clever
( )17. –Have you found your lost book? –Yes, I _____ it just now.
A. have found B. will found C. found D. was finding
( )18. There is ________ water in the bottle, is there?
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
( )19. He said that he ______ the film before.
A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. see
( )20 I bought a hat made _____ hand.
A. on B. of C. from D. by
III完形填空
Why didn’t my teacher believe(相信) me? I’m a good student. I really did all of my homework last night, 1 I don’t have it now.
My teacher 2 I’m busy these days. Our school will have a basket game 3 two days. I’m on the basketball team and have to practice after school every day. But that isn’t 4 I don’t have my homework today.
Where is my homework? I have to say, my dog 5 it.
Here is the story: Last night, I went home late and was really 6 from practice. However, I didn’t forget 7 my homework. I had supper and did it at the same time. When I had nearly finished it, I suddenly dropped(掉) some meat on my paper. It made the paper quite dirty. It was too late to do the homework again on 8 piece of paper. So I just put my paper on the table and went to bed. Later, my dog Max, who loves meat very much, jumped up onto the table and ate my 9 !
My teacher said it was an old story. I also know many students 10 it all the time. This time, it’s true, but no one believes me.
( )1.A so B. and C. but D. because
( )2. A. explains B. knows C. examines D. interviews
( )3. A. in B. after C. before D. when
( )4. A. where B. what C. how D. why
( )5. A. found B. lost C. ate D. played
( )6. A. tired B. happy C. good D. glad
( )7. A. to keep B. to do C. to make D. to compose
( )8. A. other B. another C. the others D. others
( )9. A. dinner B. food C. book D. homework
( )10. A. discover B. connect C. say D. spell
IV 阅读理解
A
One dark night, two blind(盲的) men were going home from work. “I need to buy some socks,” said one of them suddenly. “Let’s stop at the shop on the street.”
“OK,” said the other. “I think I’ll buy two or three pairs for myself, too.”
They went to the shop.
“What size do you wear, sir? And what colour would you like?” asked the girl in the shop.
“Size eleven. Give me one pair of black socks and two pairs of white, please,” answered one of them.
“And you, sir?” the girl asked the other man.
“The same for me. I wear size eleven, too. So, the same colour and the same number,” said the other man.
A moment later they were in the dark street. Each man took the socks he had bought. But just then, a boy riding a bicycle bumped(撞) into them. The blind men dropped(掉) all the socks on the ground! All the six pairs of socks mixed up. The boy quickly said sorry and left. The two blind men picked up all the socks, but they could not tell black from white. How could they be sure that they each got one pair of black socks and two pairs of white socks? They tried to ask for help, but there was no one else in the street. What could they do?
Soon one of them had an idea. Can you guess what it was?
They separated(分开) each pair of socks and both took one sock from each pair. When they got home, each of them had two black socks and four white ones of the same size –just what they wanted. Weren’t they clever?
( ) 1.Two blind men bought some socks ____________.
A. on their way home B. on their way to work
C. on their way to the movie theatre D. on their way to school
( ) 2. The two blind men wanted to buy _____________.
A. eleven pairs of socks
B. one pair of black socks and two pairs of white ones
C. two pairs of black socks and two pairs of white ones
D. four pairs of white socks and two pairs of black ones
( ) 3. After they came out of the shop,_______________
A. a dog ran up and bumped into them
B. a boy on a bicycle bumped into them
C. an old man riding a bicycle bumped into them
D. a boy riding a horse bumped into them
( ) 4. After the blind men dropped all the socks on the ground,____________.
A. the boy helped them to pick up their own socks
B. each of the blind men picked up his own socks
C. they picked up the mixed six pairs of socks
D. they waited until the next day
( ) 5. The title of the passage should be___________
A. One Dark Night B. Two Clever Blind Men
C. Black and White Socks D. Two Good Friends
B
Shiyan Poster, May 3rd , 2006
The biggest shopping center will open on May 10th. Everybody with today’s Shiyan Poster will get a present on that day.
Tel: 26780891
Add: No.26 Heping Road
Morning Paper, May 19th, 2006
Yu Ying Middle School needs a foreign teacher. He or she must have worked in China for more than 3 years. The pay is RMB 65,000 yuan a year. This advertisement(广告) will be useful in ten days.
Tel: 26781180
Add: No. 6 Heping Road
Fascinating Fact, May 7th, 2006
Qi Yu will open her goodbye show. She’ll say goodbye to her viewers who had supported(支持) her in her 26-year singing career(生涯).
Time: May 13th, Friday 8:00 p.m.
Place: Business Center of Shanghai
Ticket Price:
RMB 380 yuan(for Row 1—Row 4)
RMB 280 yuan(for Row 5—Row 12)
RMB 200 yuan(for the rest rows)
Tel: 62867758
( ) 1. If you want to get a present from the biggest shopping center, you should take a _____.
A. Morning Paper of May 19th, 2006 B. Morning Paper of May 29th, 2006
C. Shiyan Poster of May 3rd, 2006 D. Shiyan Poster of May 10th, 2006
( ) 2. If a Canadian teacher has worked in China for 4 years, and he comes to Yu Ying Middle School to ask for the job in June, he will ________.
A. not get the job B. get the bad job C. get a present D. get the job
( ) 3. When and where will Qi Yu open her goodbye show?
A. In Business Center of Shanghai on May 7th
B. In Business Center of Beijing on May 13th
C. In Business Center of Beijing on May 7th
D. In Business Center of Shanghai on May 13th
( ) 4. If Sun Yin wants to buy two tickets in Row 4 and three tickets in Row 5, how much will she pay?
A. RMB 1500 B. RMB 1700 C. RMB 1600 D. RMB 1800
( ) 5. Which of the following is WRONG?
A. The biggest shopping center is at No. 26 Heping Road
B. The biggest shopping center and Yu Ying Middle School are both on Heping Road
C. The telephone number of Yu Ying Middle School is 26781180
D. The show to say goodbye to Qi Yu’s viewers is in Taipei
C
The class in America is almost the same as that in China. But something is defferent.
1. In America, if the teacher asks you a question but you don’t understand, you should put up your hand and ask the teacher to repeat it. If you don’t know the answer, it is OK to tell the teacher that you don’t know. Then he or she knows what you need to learn.
2. You mustn’t be absent on an exam day. If you’re ill, call and let the teacher know you will not be there for the exam. If your teacher allowed(允许) a make-up exam(补考), you should take the exam in one or two days after you go back to school.
3. Be on time! It is not good to be late. If you come in late, be sure to do it quietly. Take your books out of your bag after you enter the room. Then go to your seat and sit down quietly. In the U.S., you can come into the classroom quietly.
4. If you have to leave during the class, do it quietly, too. There is no need to ask for the teacher’s agreement(同意).
( ) 1. When a teacher asks you a question but you don’t understand, you should _______.
A. ask the teacher to repeat the question B. give an answer
C. say it is all right D. not answer it
( )2. What’s the Chinese for “absent”?
A早到的 B 迟到的 C 缺席的 D 早退的
( )3. When does the teacher allow a student to take a make-up exam?
A. When he is too sick to take the exam
B. When he finished the paper in his exam
C. When he doesn’t finish the paper in his exam
D. When he gets a good score in his exam
( )4. A student is not good when he or she __________.
A. gets to school late B. takes out books after entering the classroom
C. comes into the classroom quietly D. leaves school early
( )5. Which of the following about the class in America in true?
A． If one is late, he or she can’t enter the classroom without the teacher’s agreement
B． One can take a make-up exam without the teacher’s agreement
C． One can leave the classroom without the teacher’s agreement
D． One can’t leave the classroom without the teacher’s agreement
D
There are all kinds of trains in the world. There are trains to carry people. 1 . There are fast trains and slow ones. Some trains go through hills.
In big cities, the streets are usually very busy. So you can find trains under the ground and trains on a rail above the streets. 2 .
Can a train run over water? Yes, it can. There are many bridges(桥) over the rivers. The trains can easily run over the water. But it is not easy to build the bridge over the rivers. 3 You may eat something on the way if you are hungry. Trains are useful to men, women and children. 4 . With the model trains they build their own rail and enjoy the wonderful world of trains.
A. They carry people quickly in and out of the city.
B. Many children have model trains
C. There are trains to carry animals or carry things.
D. The trains have carts for people
( )5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Trains In Big Cities B. Model Trains
C. All Kinds of Trains D. Fast Trains And Slow Trains
V 书面表达
请你以My School Sport 为题目，写一篇有关你们学校开展体育活动的短文．要求：包括以下所有要点，不得出现真实的校名，人名，字数在70－－80左右．
要点：1． Why do you like sports?
2 What do you often do to get some exercise?
3. What kind of sports do you like to do and watch?本回答被网友采纳