第1个回答 2022-07-04
（一）分类：
1.人称代词：
（1）定义：用来指代人的代词；
（2）分类：主格（用作主语）；宾格（用作宾语）；形容词性物主代词（相当于形容词的用法）；名词性物主代词（相当于名词的用法）和反身代词；
主格：I we you he she it they
宾格：me us you him her it them
形代：my our your his her its their
名代：mine ours yours his hers its theirs
反身代词：myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself
themselves
（3）主格：用作主语的人称代词。
e.g. She is a doctor. (she为主格，作主语)
They are friends.（they为主格，做主语）
（4）宾格：用作宾语的人称代词。放在动词和介词后面。
e.g. Tom likes playing basketball and he often plays it.(it是宾格，作play的宾语)
The bird is beautiful, please look at it. （it是宾格，作at的宾语）
I often help them.（them是宾格，作help的宾语）
（5）形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词的用法，用来修饰名词。
（注：形容词性物主代词只能放在名词前作定语，不能单独使用。）
e.g. What’s your name? （your是形容词性物主代词，用来修饰名词name）
My name is Mary. (my是形容词性物主代词，用来修饰name)
（6）名词性物主代词:相当于名词的用法，意思和对应的形容词性物主代词的意思一样，但不能修饰名词，只能单独使用。
e.g. Is this your pencil?
Yes, it is. It’s mine.
No, it isn’t. It’s hers.
Is that his book?
Yes, it is. It’s his.
No, it isn’t. It’s mine.
Are these your pencils?
Yes, they are. They’re mine.
No, they aren’t. they’re theirs.
Are those his books?
Yes, they are. They’re his.
No, they aren’t. They’re hers.
（7）形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别：
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
e.g. mine = my pencil
his = his book
theirs =their pencils
hers = her books
2.不定代词
（1）定义：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
（2）常见不定代词：
复合不定代词：由some, any, every, no 与one, thing, body构成的不定代词。
e.g. something, someone, somebody.
简单不定代词：all, both, none, either, neither, each, other(s), another, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
（3）some和any的用法
some和any既可以 修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。some多用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。
e.g. Are there any apples in the box?
Yes, there are some. /No, there aren’t any.
Is there any water in the bottle?
Yes, there is some water. /No, there isn’t any water.
注意：如果是表示请求等，希望得到对方的肯定回答时，用some.
e.g. Would you like some tea?
（4）many, much和a lot of（lots of）的用法：
它们的意思均为“许多”。但many只可以修饰可数名词复数，much指修饰不可数名词， a lot of （lots of）既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。
e.g. I have many books. (a lot of/lots of)
She needs much milk.（a lot of/lots of）
（5）few, a few与little, a little的用法：
few与a few是一对反义词，a few意为“几个”，表肯定，few意为“几乎没有”，表否定。均修饰可数名词复数。
little与a little是一对反义词，a little意为“少许，有一些”，表肯定，little意为“几乎没有”，表否定。均修饰不可数名词。
e.g. Few people know the city.
A few know the city.
I have a little free time.
I have little free time.
（6）由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，作为单数看待，其谓语动词用第三人称单数。
e.g. Everyone is hungry.
There is nothing in the box.
Something is wrong with my watch.
Everybody wants to win.
（7）复合不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要放于它的后面且不与of连用。
e.g. I like anything good.
She has something to say.
There is something special in this place.
（8）如若范围是两者，都选用both;选其一用either;都不选用neither.
（9）如若范围是三者或三者以上，都选用all,选其一用each或every;都不选用none。固定搭配:both…and…(两者都)；either…or…(要么……要么……); neither…nor…（既不……也不……）。简单不定代词可以of连用。
（10）each相当于形容词和名词的用法，但every只能用作形容词；
e.g. each apple = every apple = each
3．特殊疑问代词：用来提问的代词，有where, who, whose, whom, when, why, what, how等。
e.g. Whose book is it?
Why did you stay at home yesterday?