ããä½ è½ä¸ç¨ç«æ´ï¼èæ¯ç¨ä¸æ ¹ç»çæ£å°é
ç²¾ç¯ç¹çä¹ï¼
ããå®éªï¼åå°éé«é°é
¸é¾æ¶ä½æ¾å¨è¡¨é¢ç¿ï¼æç»ççï¼ä¸ï¼å¨é«é°é
¸é¾ä¸æ»´2ã3æ»´æµç¡«é
¸ï¼ç¨ç»çæ£è¸ååï¼å»æ¥è§¦é
ç²¾ç¯çç¯è¯ï¼é
ç²¾ç¯ç«å»å°±è¢«ç¹çäºã
ããæ»´æ°´ç¹ç«
ããæ°´è½çç«ï¼é¾éè¿è½ç¹ç«ï¼
ããå®éªï¼åå¹²ç¥çèç³ç²æ«5å
ä¸æ°¯é
¸é¾ç²æ«5å
å¨ç³æ£ç½ä¸æ··åï¼ç¨ç»çæ£æ
åï¼å æå°ä¸ï¼å å
¥è¿æ°§åé 3å
ï¼æ»´æ°´ï¼ååéåï¼å°ä¸ååºç½çï¼å¾å¿«èµ·ç«çç§ã
ããç§ä¸åçæå¸
ããç¨ç«ç§è¿çæå¸å±
ç¶å®å¥½æ æï¼
ããå®éªï¼ææ£æå¸æ¾å
¥ç¨é
ç²¾ä¸æ°´ä»¥1ï¼1é
æç溶液é浸éï¼ç¶åè½»æ¤ï¼ç¨ä¸¤åªå©åé³åå«å¤¹ä½æå¸ä¸¤è§ï¼æ¾å°ç«ä¸ç¹çï¼çç«ç°åå°æ¶è¿
éæå¨æå¸ï¼ä½¿ç«ç°ççï¼è¿æ¯ä¼åç°æå¸ä¾æ§å®å¥½å¦åã
ããåçï¼çç§æ¶ï¼é
ç²¾çç«ç°å¨æ°´å±å¤ï¼å¸éå¨çº¤ç»´ç©ºééçæ°´åå¸æ¶çç§çèè¸åï¼æå¸ä¸ç温度达ä¸å°çº¤ç»´ççç«ç¹ï¼å èæå¸ç§ä¸åã
ããéªççç§
ããéªçä¹è½çç§ï¼
ããçç§çå½ç¶ä¸æ¯çæ£çéªçï¼èæ¯æéé
¸é溶液æ¾å°é
ç²¾ä¸æåºçéé
¸éå°±åç½éªä¸æ ·ï¼å¶æçç¶ï¼ç¹çå³çç§ã
ããå®éªï¼20毫åæ°´å 7å
éé
¸éï¼å¶æ饱åéé
¸é溶液ï¼å å°100毫å95%çé
ç²¾ä¸ï¼è¾¹å è¾¹æ
æï¼å°±æåºåéªä¸æ ·çåºä½ã
ãã空æ¯çç
ãã空çæ¯åéååºç½çï¼
ããå®éªï¼ä¸¤åªæ´åå¹²ç¥çç»çæ¯ï¼ä¸åªæ»´å
¥å æ»´æµçé
¸ï¼ä¸åªæ»´å
¥å æ»´æµæ°¨æ°´ï¼è½¬å¨æ¯åæ¯æ¶²æ»´æ²¾æ¹¿æ¯å£ï¼éå³ç¨ç»çççä¸ï¼ææµçé
¸çæ¯ååç½®å¨æµæ°¨æ°´çæ¯åä¸ï¼æ½å»ç»ççï¼éæ¸ä¾¿è½çå°æ»¡æ¯ç½çã
ãã1ãå°æ¨çè·³è
ãã亲ç±çåå¦ä»¬ï¼ä½ 们ä¸å®å¾å欢åå¦å§ï¼é£ä¹ä½ å°±èªè¡å¨æåä¸ä¸ªæ趣çå°å®éªï¼è¿ä¸ªå®éªçé¢ç®å«å°æ¨çè·³èãåä¸åªè¯ç®¡ï¼éé¢è£
å
¥3ä¸4å
åºä½ç¡é
¸é¾ï¼ç¶åç¨é夹ç´ç«å°åºå®å¨éæ¶ä¸ï¼å¹¶ç¨é
ç²¾ç¯å çè¯ç®¡ãå½åºä½çç¡é
¸é¾éæ¸çååï¼åå°è±ç²å¤§å°æ¨çä¸åï¼æå
¥è¯ç®¡ä¸ï¼å¹¶ç»§ç»å çãè¿ä¸ä¼å¿å°±ä¼çå°å°æ¨çåå¨è¯ç®¡ä¸ç液é¢ä¸çªç¶å°è·³è·èµ·æ¥ï¼ä¸ä¼å¿ä¸ä¸è·³å¨ï¼ä¸ä¼å¿èªèº«ç¿»è½¬ï¼å¥½ä¼¼è·³èä¸æ ·ï¼å¹¶ä¸ååºç¼çç红å
ï¼æ趣æäºãè¯·ä½ ä»¬æ¬£èµä¸ä¸å°æ¨çä¼ç¾çè姿å§ãä½ è½åçå°æ¨ç为ä»ä¹ä¼è·³èåï¼
ããçæ¡
ããåæ¥å¨å°æ¨çåæ¾å
¥è¯ç®¡æ¶ï¼è¯ç®¡ä¸ç¡é
¸é¾ç温度è¾ä½ï¼è¿æ²¡è½ä½¿æ¨ççç§èµ·æ¥ï¼æ以å°æ¨çè¿å¨é£éæ¢å°èººçã对è¯ç®¡ç»§ç»å çå温度ä¸åï¼ä½¿å°æ¨çè¾¾å°çç¹ï¼è¿æ¶ä¸ç¡é
¸é¾åçæ¿ççåå¦ååºï¼å¹¶æ¾åºå¤§éççï¼ä½¿å°æ¨çç«å»çç§åå
ãå 为ç¡é
¸é¾å¨é«æ¸©ä¸å解åæ¾åºæ°§æ¥ï¼è¿ä¸ªæ°§ç«å»ä¸å°æ¨çååºçæäºæ°§å碳æ°ä½ï¼è¿ä¸ªæ°ä½ä¸ä¸åå°±å°å°æ¨ç顶äºèµ·æ¥ãæ¨ç跳起ä¹åï¼åä¸é¢çç¡é
¸é¾æ¶²ä½è±ç¦»æ¥è§¦ï¼ååºä¸æäºï¼äºæ°§åçæ°ä½å°±ä¸ååçï¼å½å°æ¨çç±äºåå°éåçä½ç¨è½åå°ç¡é
¸é¾ä¸é¢æ¶ï¼ååçååºï¼å°æ¨ç第äºæ¬¡è·³èµ·æ¥ãè¿æ ·ç循ç¯å¾å¤ï¼å°æ¨çå°±ä¸åå°ä¸ä¸è·³è·èµ·æ¥ã
ãã2ãç½ç³åâé»éªâ
ããç½ç³ï¼æ¯å¤§å®¶ç»å¸¸é£ç¨çä¸ç§ç©è´¨ï¼å®æ¯ç½è²çå°é¢ç²æç²æªç¶ï¼è±¡å¬å¤©çç½éªãç¶èï¼æå´è½å°å®ç«å»åæâé»éªâãå¦æä½ ä¸ä¿¡ï¼é£å°±è¯·çä¸é¢çå®éªå§ãå¨ä¸ä¸ª200毫åçç§æ¯ä¸æå
¥5å
å·¦å³çç½ç³ï¼åæ»´å
¥å æ»´ç»è¿å ççæµç¡«é
¸ï¼é¡¿æ¶ç½ç³å°±åæä¸å è¬æ¾çâé»éªâï¼å¨å¤å¤å°åçåæ°å£°ä¸ï¼âé»éªâçä½ç§¯éæ¸å¢å¤§ï¼çè³æ»¡åºç§æ¯ãç½ç³é¡¿æ¶åæäº
ããâé»éªâï¼çæææï¼è°ç¥éè¿éç奥å¦å¨ä»ä¹å°æ¹ï¼
ããçæ¡
ããåæ¥ç½ç³åæµç¡«é
¸åçäºä¸ç§å«åâè±æ°´âçåå¦ååºãæµç¡«é
¸æ个ç¹å«å¤æªçç±å¥½ï¼å°±æ¯å®ä¸æ°´ç»åç欲æç¹å«å¼ºçï¼å®å
åå©ç¨ç©ºæ°ä¸çæ°´åï¼å°±æ¯å
¶ä»ç©è´¨ä¸çæ°´åå®ä¹ä¸æ¾è¿ï¼åªè¦ä¸ç¸éï¼å®å°±éå¾æ水夺è¿æ¥ä¸å¯ãç½ç³æ¯ä¸ç§ç¢³æ°´ååç©ï¼C12H22O11ï¼ï¼å½å®éå°æµç¡«é
¸æ¶ï¼ç½ç³ååä¸çæ°´ï¼ç«å»è¢«å
¶å¤ºèµ°ï¼å¯æçç½ç³å°±å©ä¸çäºï¼åæäºé»è²ãæµç¡«é
¸å¤ºè¿æ°´ä¸ºå·±æä¹åï¼å¹¶ä¸æ»¡è¶³ï¼å®åæ½å±å¦å¤ä¸ä¸ªæ¬é¢ä¸æ°§åï¼å®åæç½ç³ä¸å©ä¸æ¥çççä¸é¨åæ°§åäºï¼çæäºäºæ°§å碳æ°ä½è·åºæ¥ã
ããC+2H2SO4=2H2O+2SO2+CO2
ããç±äºååºåæçæçäºæ°§å碳åäºæ°§åç¡«æ°ä½çè·åºï¼æ以ä½ç§¯è¶æ¥è¶å¤§ï¼æååæè¬æ¾çâé»éªâãå¨æµç¡«é
¸å¤ºæ°´çâææâä¸ï¼æ¯ä¸ªæ¾çè¿ç¨ï¼æ以ååºå¤å¤çå声ï¼å¹¶ä¸ºæµç¡«é
¸ç»§ç»æ°§å碳çè¿ç¨æä¾çéã
ãã3ãä¸ç¨çµççµç¯æ³¡
ããæä¸å¦ç趣å³åå¦è¡¨æ¼å¤§ä¼æ£å¨ççå°è¿è¡çï¼å
¶ä¸ä¸ä¸ªèç®æ ¼å¤å¼äººæ³¨ç®ï¼åªè§ä¸æ ¹æ¨æä¸æçä¸åª200ç¦å·¦å³ççµç¯æ³¡ï¼è¿ä¸ªç¯æ³¡ååºèç¼çç½å
ï¼å°±äº®åº¦æ¥è¯´ï¼ä¸è¬ççµç¯æ¯èµ·å®æ¥æ¯æå°è«åçãç¶èè¿ä¸ªçµç¯æ³¡å¹¶æ²¡æä»»ä½çµçº¿å¼å
¥ï¼å 为å®æ¯ä¸ä¸ªä¸ç¨çµççµç¯æ³¡ãè¯·ä½ ä»¬æ³ä¸æ³ï¼è¿ä¸ªä¸ç¨çµççµç¯æ³¡çç§å¯å¨é£éï¼
ããçæ¡
ããåæ¥ï¼è¿ä¸ªçµç¯æ³¡ä¸è£
æéæ¡åæµç¡«é
¸ï¼å®ä»¬å¨ç¯æ³¡å
åçæ¿ççåå¦ååºï¼å¼èµ·äºæ¾çåå
ã大家ç¥éï¼æµç¡«é
¸å
·æ强ççæ°§åæ§ï¼å°¤å
¶æ¯åä¸äºéå±ç¸éæ¶æ´è½æ¾ç¤ºåºå®çæ°§åæ¬é¢ãéå±éåæ¯ç¹å«å®¹æ被氧åçç©è´¨ï¼æ以å®ä¿©æ¯å¤©ççâé¨å½æ·å¯¹âäºï¼åªè¦ä¸ç¸éï¼ä¾¿ç«å»åçè±çåå¦ååºï¼
ããMgï¼2H2SO4ï¼æµï¼ï¼MgSO4ï¼ SO2ï¼2H20
ããå¨ååºè¿ç¨ä¸æ¾åºå¤§éççéï¼ä½¿çµç¯æ³¡å
ç温度æ¥å§ä¸åï¼å¾å¿«å°ä½¿éæ¡è¾¾å°çç¹ï¼å¨æµç¡«é
¸å
åä¾ç»æ°§çæ
åµä¸ï¼éæ¡çç§å¾æ´æºï¼å¥½è±¡ç
§æå¼¹ä¸æ ·ã
ãã4ãåæ°´è½æââæç¾
ãã说起æç¾ï¼äººä»¬å¯¹å®æ¯å¾çæçï¼ä¹æ人管å®å«ç½ç¾ï¼åå¦å称å«ç¡«é
¸é¾éãç¶èæç¾ä¸åªç¨ä½åå·¥åæï¼å®è¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªåæ°´è½æå¢ï¼æä¸æ¬¡ï¼æ们ä¸ä¹¡æè°æ¥ç 究ï¼å¨ååé¥çæ¶åï¼åç°ç¼¸éç水太æµï¼ä¸è½ç¨ï¼æ£å¨ä¸ºæ¤èçæ¥çæ¶åï¼åæç«çå¼ ææ¯åæ¥äºï¼ä»çè§æ们没æåæ³ï¼ç«å»ååºå åæç¾ï¼æå®ç æç»æªï¼ç¶åæå¨æ°´ç¼¸éãä¸ä¸ä¼å¿ï¼ç¼¸éçæ°´åå¾æ¸
æ¾éåºäºãè¿ä»¶äºè½ç¶æ¶éå å¹´ï¼ä½æ¯å°ç°å¨è¿è®°å¿ç¹æ°ï¼ç¶èï¼æå§ç»ä¸æç½æ¯ä»ä¹éçï¼è¯·è¯»è
ç»æ解éä¸ä¸ã
ããçæ¡
ããåæ¥ï¼æ°´ä¸çæ³¥å°è¢«æç¾âæâä½ä»¥åï¼ä¸èµ·ä¸æ²å°ç¼¸åºäºãé£ä¹ï¼æç¾ä¸ºä»ä¹è½âæâä½æ°´ä¸çæ³¥å°å¢ï¼è¿å¾å
ä»æ°´çæ··æµçæ¬èº«è°èµ·ãæ°´ä¸é£äºç¹å«å°çæ³¥ååç°å°ï¼ç±äºééå¾è½»ï¼æ以å®ä»¬ä¸å®¹ææ²æ·ä¸å»ï¼å¨æ°´ä¸â游è¡âï¼ä½¿æ°´åå¾æ··æµãå¦å¤ï¼è¿äºå¾®å°çç²åè¿æ个ç¹ç¹ï¼å°±æ¯å®å¾å欢ä»æ°´ä¸ææç§ç¦»åæå°èªå·±èº«è¾¹æ¥ï¼æè
èªå·±çµç¦»åºä¸äºç¦»åï¼ä»è使èªå·±åæä¸ä¸ªå¸¦æçµè·çç²åï¼è¿äºå¸¦çµè·çç²åå¾å¾é½å¸¦æè´çµè·ãå 为åæ§çµè·ææ¥ï¼å¼æ§çµè·å¸å¼ï¼æ以è¿äºé½å¸¦è´çµè·çç²åäºç¸ææ¥èé ä¸å°ä¸èµ·ï¼å®ä»¬æ²¡ææºä¼ç»æè¾å¤§çç²åèæ²æ·ä¸æ¥ãæç¾å´æ使è¿äºå½¼æ¤ä¸è½é è¿çç²åè·å°ä¸èµ·æ¥çå¥ç¹æ¬é¢ãï¼æç¾ä¸éå°æ°´ï¼å°±åç水解ååºï¼å¨è¿ç§ååºä¸ï¼ç¡«é
¸é¾æ¯ä¸ªé
è§ï¼ç¡«é
¸éæ¯ä¸ªä¸»è§ãç¡«é
¸éåæ°´ä½ç¨åçæç½è²çµ®ç¶çæ²æ·ç©ââ氢氧åéãæçæ带ææ£çµè·ç氢氧åéï¼ä¸ç¢°å°å¸¦æè´çµè·çæ³¥å°é¢ç²ï¼å°±å½¼æ¤âæ±âå¨ä¸èµ·ãè¿æ ·ï¼å¾å¤ç²åèéå¨ä¸èµ·ï¼ç²åè¶æ¥è¶å¤§ï¼ç»äºååæ²äºæ°´åºï¼æ°´å°±åå¾æ
æ¾éæäºã
ããç®åç说æ¯é离å水解
ãã5ãç³ç°ç
®é¸¡è
ããå京å°å¦çæ ¡èéè¦éæ°ç»´ä¿®ï¼å·¥äººå¸å
å¾ä¸å çå声ï¼å¥½è±¡å¼é
ä¼¼çãæ
§æ¸
åè³ä¸½ä¸¤ä½åå¦ç«å¨ä¸æ好å¥å°ççï¼ä¸è¾¹è®®è®ºãæ
§æ¸
说ï¼âçè¿ä¸ªçä¹å²ï¼åè½å°é¸¡èç§çãâè³ä¸½è¯´ï¼âæ ¹æ¬ä¸å¯è½ãâ她俩为äºå¼ä¸ªæç½ï¼å°±ä»å®¶éæ¿æ¥ä¸ä¸ªé¸¡èï¼åå°æ£å¨åæ°çç³ç°å éï¼ä¸å¤§ä¸ä¼å¿ï¼åªå¬âåªâçä¸å£°ï¼é¸¡èçç¸äºã她们çå°è¿ç§æ
å½¢ï¼æ´å 纳é·äºï¼å¥¹ä»¬æ³æ¥æ³å»ä¹æ²¡å¼æ¸
æ¥æ¯æä¹åäºï¼è°è½ç»å¥¹ä¿©è§£éä¸ä¸ï¼
ããçæ¡
ããéçå¾ç®åãçç³ç°åå¦å称å«æ°§åéï¼å æ°´ååæçç³ç°ï¼åå¦å称å«æ°¢æ°§åéï¼ä¹å°±æ¯å¹³å¸¸æ说çç½ç°ãæçç³ç°åæçç³ç°çè¿ç¨å«åâæ¶åâè¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ¾çååºï¼
ãã6ãä¸å®å®çå«çç
ãã说起å«ççï¼å¤§å®¶ä¸å®å¾çæï¼ç»å¸¸ç¨å®æ¥ææ»è¡£ç®±ä¸çèè«ãç¶èï¼å½ä½ æå®æ¾å°ä¸ä¸ªå«æéé
¸åå°èæç水溶液éä¸å®ä¼ææ ·å¢ï¼å¼å§æ¶ï¼å®ä¸ç´æ²ç¡å¨æ¯åºï¼å¯æ¯ï¼è¿ä¸ä¼å¿ï¼å®å°±ä¸å®éäºï¼å´å¨æ°´éä¸ä¸è·³å¨ï¼å¥½è±¡å¾äºç«ççä¸æ ·ãè°ç¥éè¿æ¯ä¸ºä»ä¹ï¼
ããçæ¡
ããç»è¿è¿ç§åå¦ååºæçæçäºæ°§å碳æ°ä½ï¼åæäºä¸ä¸ªä¸ªå¾å°å¾å°çå°æ°æ³¡ç²éå¨æ¯åºææ¯å£ä¸ï¼å«çççå
¨èº«ä¹é½ç²æ»¡è¿ç§å°æ°æ³¡ãäºæ°§å碳æ¯æ°´è½»ï¼è¦å¾æ°´é¢ä¸åï¼ä¸æ¦å«ççç²ä½çè¿ç§æ°æ³¡è¾¾å°äºä¸å®ç¨åº¦ï¼å°±è±¡æººæ°´è
æå°äºæçåä¸æ ·ï¼ç´å¾ä¸åãå½å«ççåå°æ°´é¢æ¶ï¼ç±äºæåååçåå°ï¼éå¨å«ççä¸é¢çå°æ°æ³¡ç ´è£äºï¼å«ççåæ¢å¤åæ¥çæ¯éï¼å¤±å»äºâæçåâï¼äºæ¯åæ²åæ¯åºï¼å°åç²è¶³å¤çå°æ°æ³¡æ¶ï¼åæµ®äºä¸æ¥ãè¿æ ·å¾ªç¯å¾å¤ï¼å«çç便å¥èµ°ä¸åã
ãã7ãâå
å
å
âç²ååçæ¥å
ããåéä¸çå°éº¦ç°åçäºè«ç¾ï¼ä¸ºäºæç¾çè«ï¼åæ°å·æ´ä¸ç§å«ä½âå
å
å
âç²çåå¦åè¯ãè¿æ¶ï¼ç±å¨èççç²åå¦ä¸æ¬æ£ç»å°é®ä¹åå¦ï¼âä½ è¯´ï¼è¿ç§åè¯ä¸ºå¥å«âå
å
å
âç²å¢ï¼ââè¿è¿ä¸ç¥éï¼å 为å¨åæè¿ç§åè¯çæ¶åï¼ç§å¦å®¶ä»¬å®éªäºå
ç¾å
åå
次ãâä¹åå¦è¸ææ竹å°åçãç²åå¦å驳说ï¼âä½ è¯´çä¸å¯¹ï¼æå¬å«äººè¯´ï¼è¿ç§åè¯æ¯ç¨å
ç¾å
åå
ç§è¯é
æçï¼æ以å«âå
å
å
âç²ãè¿ä¸¤ä½åå¦ä½ ä¸è¨æä¸è¯äºè®ºä¸ä¼â¦â¦
ãã请读è
è¯ä¸è¯ï¼ä»ä¿©è°è®²ç对ï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹ï¼
ããçæ¡
ããè¿ä¸¤ä½åå¦è¯´å¾é½ä¸å¯¹ãè¿ç§åè¯æ¯ç¨ä¸ç§å«ä½è¯çåå¦ç©è´¨å¨ç´«å¤çº¿ç
§å°ä¸åæ°¯æ°ä½ç¨çæçã
ããC6H6å3C12ï¼C6H6Cl6
ããä»çæçâå
å
å
âç²çååå¼ä¸å¯ä»¥çåºï¼ãå®çååæ¯ç±å
个碳ååãå
个氢ååãå
个氯ååç»æçï¼æ以å«ä½âå
å
å
å¤ï¼ç²ã
ãã8ãæ°¯åéµçå¦ç¨ââé²ç«å¸
ãã亲ç±çåå¦ï¼æå°ä¸åæ®éçæ£å¸æµ¸å¨æ°¯åéµç饱å溶液ä¸ï¼çå»ä¹åï¼ååºæ¾åå°±æé²ç«å¸äºãå°è¿åç»è¿åå¦å¤ççå¸ç¨ç«æ´ç¹ï¼ä¸ä½ç¹ä¸çï¼èä¸è¿ååºç½è²ççé¾ãè¯·ä½ ä»¬è¯´è¯´ï¼è¿æ¯ä»ä¹éçï¼
ããçæ¡
ããåæ¥ï¼ç»è¿è¿ç§åå¦å¤ççæ£å¸ï¼é²ç«å¸ï¼ç表é¢é满äºæ°¯åéµçæ¶ä½é¢ç²ï¼æ°¯åéµè¿ç§åå¦ç©è´¨ï¼å®æ个æªè¾æ°ï¼å°±æ¯ç¹å«æçï¼ä¸éçå°±ä¼åçåå¦ååï¼å解åºä¸¤ç§ä¸è½çç§çæ°ä½ï¼ä¸ç§æ¯æ°¨æ°ï¼å¦ä¸ç§æ¯æ°¯åæ°¢æ°ä½ã
ããNH4Clâ>NH3(æ°ï¼ï¼HC1(æ°ï¼
ããè¿ä¸¤ç§æ°ä½ææ£å¸ä¸ç©ºæ°éç»èµ·æ¥ï¼æ£å¸å¨æ²¡ææ°§æ°çæ¡ä»¶ä¸å½ç¶å°±ä¸è½çç§äºãå½è¿ä¸¤ç§æ°ä½ä¿æ¤æ£å¸ä¸è¢«ç«ç§çåæ¶ï¼å®ä»¬åå¨ç©ºæ°ä¸ç¸éï¼éæ°ååèææ°¯åéµå°æ¶ä½ï¼è¿äºå°æ¶ä½åå¸å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸ï¼å°±è±¡ç½çä¸æ ·ãå®é
ä¸ï¼æ°¯åéµè¿ç§åå¦ç©è´¨æ¯å¾å¥½çé²ç«è½æï¼æé¢éçèå°å¸æ¯ãè°èä¸çæ¨æçï¼é½ç»å¸¸ç¨æ°¯åéµå¤çï¼ä»¥æ±è¾¾å°é²ç«çç®çã
ãã9ãä¸ä¸ªé¸¡èçæ²æµ®
ããå¨ä¸ä¸ªå¤§ç§æ¯ä¸è£
å
¥ç¨çé
¸æº¶æ¶²ï¼ç¶åå¾ç§æ¯ä¸æ¾ä¸ä¸ªæ°é²é¸¡èï¼å®ä¼é©¬ä¸åºãä¸ä¸ä¼å¿ï¼é¸¡èåä¸åå°æ¶²é¢ï¼æ¥çåæ²å
¥æ¯åºï¼è¿ä¸ä¼å¿é¸¡èåéæ°æµ®å°æ¶²é¢ï¼è¿æ ·å¯åå¤å¤æ¬¡ã请大家åæä¸ä¸ï¼è¿æ¯ä»ä¹éçï¼
ããçæ¡
ããç±äºé¸¡èå¤å£³ç主è¦æåæ¯ç¢³é
¸éï¼éå°ç¨çé
¸æ¶ä¼åçåå¦ååºèçææ°¯åéåäºæ°§å碳æ°ä½ã
ããCaC03å2HC1ï¼CaC12åC02ï¼æ°ï¼åH20
ããäºæ°§å碳æ°ä½æå½¢æçæ°æ³¡ç´§ç´§å°éå¨è壳ä¸ï¼äº§ççæµ®å使鸡èä¸åï¼å½é¸¡èåå°æ¶²é¢æ¶æ°æ³¡æåçååå°ï¼ä¸é¨åæ°æ³¡ç ´è£ï¼äºæ°§å碳æ°ä½å空æ°ä¸æ©æ£ï¼ä»è使浮ååå°ï¼é¸¡èåå¼å§ä¸æ²ãå½æ²å
¥æ¯åºæ¶ï¼ç¨é
¸ç»§ç»ä¸æå°åè壳åçåå¦ååºï¼åä¸æå°äº§çäºæ°§å碳æ°æ³¡ï¼ä»èå次使鸡èä¸æµ®ãè¿æ ·å¾ªç¯å¾å¤ä¸ä¸è¿å¨ï¼æåå½é¸¡èå¤å£³è¢«çé
¸ä½ç¨å
äºä¹åï¼ååºåæ¢ï¼é¸¡èçä¸ä¸è¿å¨ä¹å°±åæ¢äºãä½æ¯æ¤æ¶ç±äºæ¯ä¸ç液ä½éå«æ大éçæ°¯åéåå©ä½ççé
¸ï¼æ以æå液ä½çæ¯é大äºé¸¡èçæ¯éï¼å èï¼é¸¡èæç»æµ®å¨æ¶²ä½ä¸é¨ã
ãã10ãä¸æ¯ç»çåçâç»çåâ
ãã亲ç±çåå¦ï¼ä½ æ³å¨ä¸åç»çä¸éå»åºä¸å¹
ç¾ä¸½çå¾æ¡åï¼ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ä¸æ¯ç»çåçâç»çåâå¤æ¥éå»è¿å¹
å¾æ¡ãæ¹æ³å¾ç®åï¼å¨è¿åç»çä¸æ¶ä¸èå±çåçç³è¡ï¼å¾
å·ååï¼ç¨éå°å¨ç³è¡ä¸å»åºä½ æéè¦çå¾æ¡ãå¦å¤ï¼æ¿ä¸ä¸ªé
å¶è¸åç¿ï¼å¨è¸åç¿å
æ¾å
¥æ°åéåç¡«é
¸ï¼å¨è¸åç¿çè¾¹ç¼ä¸å«ä¸åæ©¡ç®ï¼ç¶åææ¶è¡çç»æä¸æ¾å¨è¸åç¿ä¸ï¼å¾®å¾®å çï¼ç¨æ±½æ²¹æ©å»è¡¨é¢ä¸çç³è¡ï¼æ¤å»ï¼ç»çä¸çç¾ä¸½å¾æ¡å°±éå»åºæ¥äºãä½ ä¸å®ä¼æå°æææå§ï¼é£å°±è¯·ä½ æ³ä¸æ³ï¼è¿ç§ä¸æ¯ç»çåçâç»çåâæ¯ä»ä¹ä¸è¥¿ï¼å®ä¸ºä»ä¹è½å¨ç»çä¸éå»åºè±çº¹æ¥ï¼
ããçæ¡
ããè¿ç§ä¸æ¯ç»çåçâç»çåâæ¯æ°¢æ°é
¸ãå 为æ°åéåç¡«é
¸ååºçææ°åæ°¢åç¡«é
¸éï¼æ°åæ°¢æ°ä½ä»æº¶æ¶²ä¸æ¥åå°ç»çä¸ï¼å溶解äºç»çä¸é¢çæ°´èå½¢æçæ°¢æ°é
¸ï¼æ°¢æ°é
¸æ¯ä¸åç³è¡åçååºçï¼å¯æ¯å®æ个é常å¥ç¹çåå¦è¾æ°ï¼å°±æ¯ä¸é¨åå½¢æç»çç主è¦åæââäºæ°§åç¡
ååºï¼ååºåçææ°´åæ°åç¦æ°ä½ï¼è¿ç§è½âåâç»ççé
¸ï¼äººä»¬ç§°ä¹ä¸æ¯ç»çåçâç»çåâãè¿æ ·ï¼å¡æ¯æ²¡æ被ç³è¡é®çä¿æ¤çç»ç表é¢å³å¾æ¡é¨åï¼é½è¢«è¿ç§é
¸âåâæäºä¸å±ï¼æ¸
é¤ç³è¡åï¼ç»çä¸çå¾æ¡å°±æ¾ç¤ºåºæ¥äºãå
¶ååºå¦ä¸ï¼
ãã4HFåSi02ï¼2H20åSiF4ï¼æ°ï¼
ãã11ãç»çæ£ç¹çäºå°å
ããç»çæ£è½ç¹çå°åï¼ä½ ä¸å®ä»¥ä¸ºè¿æ¯å¨è¯´ç¬è¯å§ãä¸è¿ï¼æ说çå®å
¨æ¯çäºãå°åå¯ä»¥çç§ï¼è¿ä¼ä½¿äººæå¥ï¼èæ´ä½¿äººæå¥çæ¯ä¸ç¨ç«æ´åæç«æºï¼åªè¦ç¨ç»çæ£è½»è½»ä¸ç¹ï¼å°åå°±ç«å»å°çç§èµ·æ¥ï¼èä¸ç»ä¹
ä¸çãä½ å¦ææå
´è¶£ï¼å¯ä»¥å个å®éªççãå
å¨ä¸ä¸ªå°ç¢åéï¼åä¸1ä¸2å°ç²é«é°é
¸é¾ï¼è½»è½»å°æå®ç æç²æªï¼ç¶åæ»´ä¸å æ»´æµç¡«é
¸ï¼ç¨ç»çæ£æ
æååï¼è¸æè¿ç§æ··åç©çç»çæ£ï¼å°±æ¯ä¸åªçä¸è§çå°ç«æï¼å®å¯ä»¥ç¹çé
ç²¾ç¯ï¼ä¹å¯ä»¥ç¹çå°åãä¸è¿ï¼å¨å°åä¸äºå
æ¾ä¸ä¸å°åçµç³ï¼è¿æ ·ï¼åªè¦ç¨ç»çæ£è½»è½»å¾å°åä¸ä¸è§¦ï¼å°å马ä¸å°±ä¼çç§èµ·æ¥ã请读è
è¯éªåï¼ååºçæ¡æ¥ã
ããçæ¡
ããéçå¾ç®åãå°åä¸ççµç³ï¼åå¦å称å«ç¢³åéï¼åå°è¡¨é¢ä¸å°éçæ°´åçååºï¼è¿ç§ååºæçæççµç³æ°ï¼åå¦å称å«ä¹çï¼æ¯æçæ°ä½ãç±äºæµç¡«é
¸åé«é°é
¸é¾é½æ¯å¼ºæ°§ååï¼å®è¶³ä»¥è½æçµç³æ°æ°§å并ä¸ç«å»è¾¾å°çç¹ï¼ä½¿çµç³æ°çç§ï¼å¦å¤ï¼ç±äºæ°´åçµç³ååºæ¯æ¾çååºï¼å ä¹çµç³æ°ççç§æ¾çï¼æ´ä½¿å°åçåæçæ°´è¶æ¥è¶å¤ï¼æ以çµç³ååºä¹è¶å è¿
éï¼çµç³æ°äº§ççä¹è¶æ¥è¶å¤ï¼ç«ä¹å°±è¶æ¥è¶æºã
ãã12ãé¶ä¸é´é
ããæå·¥åç产è¿ç¨ä¸éè¦é«çº¯åº¦çé¶ä¸ãæä¸å¤©ï¼ä¾éåä»å¤å°è´åä¸æ¹é¶ä¸ï¼æä¸ä½ææ¯åä¸çé¶ä¸ä¾¿è¯´ï¼âè¿é¶ä¸ä¸çº¯ï¼éé¢æºéäºï¼ä¸è½ä½¿ç¨ãâä½ä¹æ人ä¸åæä»ç说æ³ï¼è®¤ä¸ºéé¢æ²¡æéï¼è¿ä¸¤ç§è¯´æ³è°è¯´ç对å¢ï¼è¯·è¯»è
帮å©ä»ä»¬ç¨åå¦æ¹æ³é´å®ä¸ä¸ï¼ççè¿æ¹é¶ä¸éååºæ没æéï¼
ããçæ¡
ããé¦å
ï¼åå°éé¶ä¸æº¶è§£å¨æµç¡é
¸ä¸ãç¶ååæ¤å°é溶液å å
¥è¿éççé
¸ä¸ï¼è¿æ¶å¦æç½è²æ²æ·çæï¼å¹¶æ»¤å»ç½è²æ²æ·ç©ãåå滤液ä¸å å
¥å¤§éç氨水ï¼å¦æææ·±èè²éæ°¨ç»ç¦»åçæï¼è¯ææéåå¨ãåä¹ï¼å¦æ没ææ·±èè²çéæ°¨ç»ç¦»åçæï¼å°±è¯æ没æéã
ãã13ãç¥ç§çå¾ç»
ããå¨ä¸æ¬¡è¶£å³åå¦è¡¨æ¼ä¼ä¸ï¼è¡¨æ¼è
表æ¼äºä¸å¹
ç¥ç§çå¾ç»ãä»æä¸å¼ ç½çº¸æå¨å¢ä¸ï¼ç¶åæ¿èµ·å·é¾å¨æä¸ç§æ è²éæç液ä½å·æ´å¨è¿å¼ ç½çº¸ä¸ï¼è½¬ç¼ä¹é´ï¼ä¸å¹
ç¾ä¸½çç»é¢å°±å±ç°å¨è§ä¼çç¼åãå¨æ·±èè²çæ³¢æ¶éè¡é©¶çä¸è红è¤è²ç巨轮ãä»çè¿ä¸è¡¨æ¼ï¼ä½¿è§ä¼å¤§åä¸æï¼æææ¯ä¸å¼ ç½çº¸ï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹è½¬ç¼ä¹é´å´å·åºäºä¸å¹
ç¾ä¸½çå¾ç»ã亲ç±ç读è
ï¼ä½ ç¥éè¿ä½è¡¨æ¼è
æå·åºçå¾ç»çç§å¯å¨ä»ä¹å°æ¹åï¼
ããçæ¡
ããè¿æ¯ä¸ç§æ®éçåå¦ååºãå¢ä¸æççé£å¼ ç½çº¸ï¼å·²ç»ç±è¡¨æ¼è
äºå
å¤ç好äºï¼ä»å¨è¿å¼ ç½çº¸ä¸ç¨ä¸ç§æ·¡é»è²çäºéæ°°åé¾æº¶æ¶²å
ç»åºæ±¹æ¶æ¾æ¹ç大海ï¼åç¨æ è²éæçç¡«æ°°åé¾æº¶æ¶²å¨å¤§æµ·éç»åºä¸å¹
巨轮ï¼æ¾å¹²åï¼ç½çº¸ä¸æ²¡æä¸ç¹ç迹ãåæ¥å·é¾å¨ä¸è£
çæ¯ä¸æ°¯åé溶液ï¼å½æä¸æ°¯åé溶液å·æ´å¨ç½çº¸ä¸é¢æ¶ï¼å¨ç½çº¸ä¸é¢åæ¶åç两ç§åå¦ååºãå
¶ä¸æ¯ä¸æ°¯åéåäºéæ°°åé¾ååºï¼çæäºéæ°°åéï¼èè²ï¼ï¼å
¶äºæ¯ä¸æ°¯åéåç¡«æ°°åé¾ååºï¼çæç¡«æ°°åéï¼çº¢è¤è²ï¼ãè¿æ ·ï¼èè²ç大海å红è¤è²ç巨轮就âå·âåºæ¥äºã
ãã14ãä¸å¹å³ççè¡ç
ããä¸è¬çè¡çï¼å½å®çç§çæ¶åï¼ä¸å£æ°å°±å¯å¹ç.ç¶èï¼å´æä¸ç§ç¹æ®çè¡çï¼å½ä½ éè¦ç¹ççæ¶åï¼åªè¦å¹ä¸å£æ°å°±å¯ä»¥äºï¼è¯·çéæ¯å¸ç表æ¼å§ãåªè§éæ¯å¸åéæ¿ä¸åªè¡çï¼å¹¶ä¸æ
æ让å°ä¸çè§ä¼ççï¼è®©è§ä¼ç¸ä¿¡è¿æ¯ä¸åªæ®éè¡çï¼ç¶åæè¡çæå°è¡å°ä¸ï¼ä»å¯¹åè¡å¿å¹ä¸å£æ°åï¼è¡ç便çç§èµ·æ¥äºãå½ä½ çå®éæ¯å¸è¡¨æ¼ä¹åï¼è½åçè¡çä¸å¹å³çç奥ç§åï¼
ããçæ¡
ããåæ¥ï¼éæ¯å¸å¨è¡¨æ¼ä¹åå°è¡çè¯æ¾æ£å¼ï¼æ»´è¿äºäºæº¶æç½ç£·çäºç¡«å碳溶液ãå 为äºç¡«å碳液ä½æ¯æææ¥åçç©è´¨ï¼éæ¯å¸å¹å£é¿æ°ä½¿å
¶æ¥åé度è¿ä¸æ¥å å¿«ï¼å½äºç¡«å碳æ¥åå®äºï¼çè¯ä¸çä¸æ为ç»å°çç½ç£·é¢ç²ï¼ç½ç£·ä¸ç©ºæ°ä¸çæ°§æ°åçæ°§åååºå¹¶äº§ççéï¼å½æ¸©åº¦åé«å°35âæ¶ï¼ç½ç£·ä¾¿èªè¡çç§ï¼éä¹å°±æåæ¥ççççè¯åå¼çäºãè¿ç§ç±äºç½ç£·å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸æ°§åèå¼èµ·ççç§ç°è±¡ï¼å¨å¤§èªç¶ä¸æ¯ç»å¸¸åççï¼è¿å°±æ¯äººä»¬æ说çâ天ç«âæâ鬼ç«âã
ãã15ãè¶æ°´ââ墨水ââè¶æ°´
ããææ天ï¼ææåå¦åç¸ç¸å¨å¸å·¥äººæå宫çäºä¸åºéæ¯è¡¨æ¼ï¼å
¶ä¸æä¸ä¸ªèç®æ¯ï¼è¶æ°´å墨水ï¼å¢¨æ°´åè¶æ°´ãå°ä¸çéæ¯å¸æé端çä¸æ»¡ä¸æ¯æ£é»è²çè¶æ°´ï¼åªè§ä»ç¨ç»çæ£å¨è¶æ°´ä¸æ
å¨ä¸ä¸ï¼å¤§åä¸å£°âåï¼æ¤æ¶ï¼è¶æ°´ç«å»åæäºèè²ç墨水ãæ¥çï¼è¿ä½éæ¯å¸åå°ç»çæ£çå¦ä¸ç«¯å¨å¢¨æ°´æ¯éæ
å¨ä¸ä¸ï¼å¤§åä¸å£°âåâï¼æç¶ï¼åååæçè墨水ååæäºåæ¥çè¶æ°´äºãå¤ä¹å¥å¦ç表æ¼åï¼ææåå¦èµä¸ç»å£ãä½æ¯ä»æä¹ä¹å¼ä¸æ¸
æ¥æ¯ææ ·åæ¥åå»çï¼è¯·è¯»è
帮å©ä»æåçéçææ¸
æ¥ã
ããçæ¡
ããè¿æ¯ä¸ªé常æ趣çåå¦ååºãåæ¥ç»çæ£çä¸ç«¯äºå
è¸ä¸ç»¿ç¾ï¼åå¦å称å«ç¡«é
¸äºéï¼ç²æªï¼å¦ä¸ç«¯è¸ä¸èé
¸æ¶ä½ç²æªãå 为è¶æ°´éå«æ大éçåå®é
¸ï¼å½åå®é
¸éå°ç»¿ç¾éçäºé离ååç«å»çæåå®é
¸äºéï¼å®çæ§è´¨ä¸ç¨³å®ï¼å¾å¿«è¢«æ°§åçæåå®é
¸éçç»åç©èåèé»è²ï¼ä»è使è¶æ°´åæäºâ墨水âãèé
¸å
·æè¿åæ§ï¼å°ä¸ä»·çé离åè¿åæ两价çäºé离åï¼å æ¤ï¼æº¶æ¶²çèé»è²åæ¶å¤±äºï¼éæ°æ¾ç°åºè¶æ°´çé¢è²ãè¿ç§ç°è±¡å¨äººä»¬çæ´»ä¸ä¹æ¯ç»å¸¸éå°çï¼å½ä½ ç¨ååååå°æªæççæ°´ææ¶ï¼å¸¸å¸¸çå°æ°´æåå£å¤åºç°èè²ï¼æ人以为æ¯ååä¸æ´åæé æçãå
¶å®ï¼è¿ç§æ
åµåä¸è¿°è¶æ°´å墨水æ¯ä¸æ ·çéçï¼å°±æ¯ååä¸çéåæ°´æä¸çåå®é
¸åçåå¦ååºçç»æã
ãã16ãæ°´ä¸å
Œ
ããå°å¥½å¥åå¦ï¼å¨åºç¥âå
ä¸âå½é
å¿ç«¥èçæä¼ä¸ï¼è¡¨æ¼äºä¸ä¸ªç²¾å½©çå°èç®ââæ°´ä¸è±åã表æ¼å¼å§äºï¼å¨å ç¾åæ¥åè好å¥çç¼çç注è§ä¸ï¼åªè§å°å¥½å¥å¨ä¸ä¸ªç满æ è²éæ水溶液çç»ç缸ä¸ï¼æå
¥äºå é¢ç±³ç²å¤§çä¸åé¢è²çå°ååãä¸ä¸ä¼å¿ï¼å¨ç»ç缸ä¸ç«åºç°äºåç§åæ ·çææ¡æ¥ï¼çºµæ¨ªäº¤éå°ä¼¸é¿çï¼ç»¿è²çå¶åè¶æ¥è¶èçï¼é²è³å¤ºç®çè±å¿ä¹å¼æ¾çªèµ·ï¼ä¸åº§æ ¹æ·±å¶èãäºå
åè²çæ°´ä¸è±åï¼å±ç°å¨è§ä¼çç¼åãé¡¿æ¶æ声åèµ·ï¼å¤§å®¶ä¸ºå°å¥½å¥çç²¾é表æ¼è¡¨ç¤ºç¥è´ºãä¸ä¼å¿ä»åå§å¼å°å´ï¼æçè¿åº§æ°´ä¸è±å解éçã亲ç±çå°è¯»è
ï¼ä½ ç¥éå°å¥½å¥å»ºé è¿åº§æ°´ä¸å
¬åçç§å¯åï¼
ããçæ¡
ããç»ç缸ä¸åæ¥ççé£ç§æ è²éæç液ä½ä¸æ¯æ°´ï¼èæ¯ä¸ç§å«åç¡
é
¸é ç水溶液ï¼äººä»¬ç§°ä¸ºæ°´ç»çï¼ãæå
¥çåç§é¢è²çå°é¢ç²ï¼æ¯å ç§è½æº¶è§£äºæ°´çæè²çç±»çå°æ¶ä½ï¼å®ä»¬æ¯æ°¯åäºé»ãç¡«é
¸éãç¡«é
¸éãç¡«é
¸äºéãç¡«é
¸éãç¡«é
¸éçï¼è¿äºå°æ¶ä½ä¸ç¡
é
¸é åçåå¦ååºï¼ç»æçæç´«è²çç¡
é
¸äºé»ãèè²çç¡
é
¸éã红æ£è²çç¡
é
¸éã淡绿è²çç¡
é
¸äºéã深绿è²çç¡
é
¸éãç½è²çç¡
é
¸éãè¿äºå°æ¶ä½åç¡
é
¸é çååºï¼æ¯é常ç¬ç¹èæ趣çåå¦ååºãå½æè¿äºå°æ¶ä½æå
¥å°ç»ç缸éåï¼å®ä»¬ç表é¢ç«å»çæä¸å±ä¸æº¶è§£äºæ°´çç¡
é
¸çèèï¼è¿å±å¸¦è²çèèè¦çå¨æ¶ä½ç表é¢ä¸ï¼ç¶èï¼è¿å±èèæ个é常å¥ç¹çè¾æ°ï¼å®åªå
许水ååéè¿ï¼èæå
¶ä»ç©è´¨çååæä¹é¨å¤ï¼å½æ°´ååè¿å
¥è¿ç§èèä¹åï¼å°æ¶ä½å³è¢«æ°´æº¶è§£èçææµåº¦å¾é«çç溶液äºèèä¹ä¸ï¼ç±æ¤è产çäºå¾é«çååï¼ä½¿èèé¼èµ·ç´è³ç ´è£ãèå
带æé¢è²çç溶液æµäºåºæ¥ï¼ååç¡
é
¸é ååºï¼çææ°çèèï¼æ°´ååèå
æ¸éï¼èèåéæ°é¼èµ·ãç ´è£â¦â¦å¦æ¤å¾ªç¯ä¸å»6æ¯å¾ªç¯ä¸æ¬¡ï¼è±çæå¶å°±æ°é¿åºä¸æ®µãè¿æ ·ï¼åªéçå»ï¼å°±å½¢æäºæå¶ç¹èè±çå¼çæ°´ä¸è±åäºã
ãã17ãæ¸
æ°´ââè±æµââæ¸
æ°´
ããææ天ï¼å°åå¦è¿·èèç»åé¢çå°æå表æ¼ä¸ä¸ªå°ææ³ï¼å
容æ¯æ¸
æ°´åâè±æµâï¼âè±æµâåæ¸
æ°´ãåªè§èèæ¿çä¸ä¸ªæ è²éæçç¶åï¼éé¢è£
ç大åç¶æ¸
æ°´ï¼ç¶åç¨æ©¡ç®å¡ç好ãæ¥ç对å°è§ä¼è¯´ï¼âæå¯ä»¥æè¿ç¶æ¸
æ°´åæè±æµâï¼åæè±æµåææ¸
æ°´ãâ说å®ï¼åªè§å¥¹è½»è½»å°ææä¸ä¸ç¶åï¼è¯´å£°âåâï¼ç«å»ç¶åä¸çæ¸
æ°´åæäºä¹³ç½è²çâè±æµâãèèåè¯å¥¹çå°ä¼ä¼´è¯´ï¼â请注æï¼è¿è±æµåªè½çï¼ä¸è½åï¼âæ¥çå大åä¸å£°âåâï¼åªè§å¥¹ç¨åå°ç¶ååæè¡å ä¸ï¼æç¶ç½è²çâè±æµâååæäºæ¸
æ°´ãå´è§çå°ä¼ä¼´é½æå°è«åå
¶å¦ã请大ä¼ççï¼è¿ä½å°åå¦è¿·çææ³æ¯æä¹åçï¼
ããçæ¡
ããåæ¥ï¼èèäºå
å°ç¶éçæ¸
æ°´ä¸æ¾å
¥å°éçæç¾ï¼åå¦å称å«ç¡«é
¸é¾éï¼ãå 为æç¾æº¶è§£äºæ°´ï¼æ以ç¶ä¸ä»ç¶æ¯æ è²éæçæ¸
æ°´ãå½å¥¹ç¬¬ä¸æ¬¡åâåâçæ¶åï¼ç±äºå¥¹è½»è½»å°ææä¸ä¸ç¶åï¼å°ç²å¨æ©¡ç®å¡å¹é·å¤çç«ç¢±çï¼åå¦å称å«æ°¢æ°§åé ï¼çä¸å°é¨å溶解å¨æ¸
æ°´éãè¿æ¶ï¼ç«ç¢±ä¸æç¾åçåå¦ååºèçæä¹³ç½è²çæ²æ·ç©æ°¢æ°§åéï¼æ¸
æ°´åæä¹³ç½è²æº¶æ¶²ï¼å½¢å¦è±æµãååºå¦ä¸ï¼
ãã2KA1ï¼S04ï¼2 ï¼6Na0H=3Na2S04åK2S04å2Alï¼OHï¼3ï¼ä¹³ç½è²ï¼
ããå½èè第äºæ¬¡ååçæ¶åï¼å¥¹ç¨åå°æè¡ç¶åå ä¸ï¼è¿æ¶ç¶ä¸ç液ä½åå°æ©¡ç®å¡ä¸å¹é·å¤çå
¨é¨ç«ç¢±ç溶解æï¼ç«ç¢±å氢氧åé继ç»åçåå¦ååºï¼çæ溶解äºæ°´çæ è²çåéé
¸é ï¼è¿å°±ä½¿ç½è²âè±æµâåå为æ¸
çäºãååºå¦ä¸ï¼
ããA1ï¼OHï¼3åNaOHï¼NaAl02å2H20
ããèèåçè¿ä¸ªå°ææ³ï¼è¯æäºéè¿ç§ç©è´¨æçæ为ç¹æ®çåå¦æ§è´¨ââæ¢æéå±æ§åæééå±æ§ã
ãã18ãç¨æ°´ç§çº¸
ããå¨å°å¹´å®«ä¸¾è¡çç§æ表æ¼ä¼ä¸ï¼ä¸ä¸ªå°åå¦è¡¨æ¼çåå¦éæ¯ï¼å¼èµ·äºå
¨åºå°è§ä¼çè½°å¨ãåªè§ä»æä¸æ¿çä¸å¼ ç½çº¸ï¼å¹¶ç¹æ对çè§ä¼æäºä¸¤ä¸ï¼ä»¥è¡¨ç¤ºè¿æ¯ä¸å¼ æ®éç½çº¸ï¼ç¶ï¼ä»å°è¿å¼ ç½çº¸ä¸å±ä¸å±å°æå èµ·æ¥ï¼å¯¹çè§ä¼è¯´ï¼âæè½ç¨æ°´å°è¿å¼ ç½çº¸ç¹çâ¦â¦âä»çè¯é³æªè½ï¼å°ä¸æä½åæ¢çå°æå说éï¼âä¸å¯è½ï¼æ°´è½çç«ï¼æè½ç¨æ°´ç¹ç纸å¢ï¼ââæ说ä¹ä¸å¯è½ï¼æ°´ä¸è½çç§ï¼æ´ä¸è½ç纸ãââå°±æ¯åï¼æ°´ç«æ¯ä¸ç¸å®¹çï¼åæ¥æ¯å¯¹ç«ï¼âå°åå¦ä¸å´å
«èå°è®®è®ºçãè¿æ¶åæä¸ä½åå¦é®éï¼âä½ ç¨çæ°´ä¸æ¯ä¸è¬çæ°´ï¼å¯è½æ¯å«çä¸è¥¿å§ï¼âä»è¾¹è¯´è¾¹ååºèªå·±çåæ°´æ¯ï¼è£
ä¸ä¸æ¯æ°´ï¼ç¶åèµ°å°å°ä¸è¦æ±è¡¨æ¼è
ç¨ä»çè¿æ¯æ°´ãè¿ä½è¡¨æ¼è
æ¥åäºä»çè¦æ±ï¼å°æä¸çé£å¼ ç½çº¸å¾è¿æ¯æ°´ä¸è½»è½»ä¸ç¹ï¼è¿å¼ ç½çº¸æç¶ççå°çç§èµ·æ¥äºãâåºç¥äºï¼æ°´ççè½ç¹ç纸ï¼âå°è§ä¼ä»¬è®®è®ºçº·çº·ï¼äº²ç±çå°è¯»è
ï¼å½ä½ ç¥éç¨æ°´è½ç¹ç纸ä¹åï¼ä¹è½æå°åºâç¥âå§ï¼é£ä¹è¿ä¸ªâç¥âåºå¨ä»ä¹å°æ¹å¢ï¼
ããçæ¡
ããå®é
ä¸å¹¶ä¸ç¥ç§ï¼è¿æ éæ¯ä¸ç§é常æ®éçåå¦ååºæ产ççä¸ç§ç°è±¡ãåæ¥ï¼è¡¨æ¼è
æä¸æ¿çé£å¼ ç½çº¸ä¸äºå
å·²ç²ä¸ä¸å°åéå±é ï¼å 为éå±é æ¯ç½è²çï¼æ以å°ä¸çè§ä¼æ¯ä¸æçè§çï¼ä»å°ç½çº¸æå å 次æ¯ä¸ºäºå°è¿åéå±é å
å¨ä¸é´ä»¥é²æ¢å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸è¢«æ°§åãéå±é æä¸ç§é常活泼çåå¦æ§è´¨ï¼éæ°´åè½åçæ¿ççåå¦ååºï¼çæ氢氧åé åæ°¢æ°ãåæ¶ï¼è¿ä¸ªååºæ¾åºå¤§éççï¼ä½¿çº¸ç温度è¿
éåé«ï¼å¹¶é©¬ä¸è¾¾å°çç¹ãè¿ä¸ªååºè¿åæ¶æ¾åºæ°¢æ°ï¼å¨æ°¢æ°çç§ä¹æ¶ï¼çº¸ä¹è·ççç§äºãä¸ä½éå±é æè¿ç§æ§è´¨ï¼éå±é¾ãéå±é¤çä¹é½æè¿ç§åå¦æ§è´¨ã
ãã19ãç¾ä¸½çå¤ç©º
ããä¸ç§èçæä¸ï¼å¤ç©ºç¾æäºãé£èæ¹æ¹ç天空å¸æ»¡äºç¹æä¸é¢ï¼å¥½ä¼¼ä¸å天é¹
ç»ä¸é¶æ»¡äºçç ãå®ç³ãè¿æé£çæ´çæææ¬å¨ç¢§ç©ºï¼æµ®æµ®é£å¨ï¼ä»¿ä½æ¯å«¦å¨¥è¦èµ°åºæ宫ãå¨æµ®äºä¸ç¿©ç¿©èµ·èâ¦â¦ï¼åæ¥ï¼è¿ä¸ç§å¤ç©ºçç¾æ¯ï¼å´è½å¨éæ¯å¸çè¯ç®¡ä¸è¯çã亲ç±ç读è
ï¼ä½ ä¹æ³æ¬£èµä¸ä¸è¿ç¾ä¸½çå¤æ¯åï¼é£å°±å©ç¨ä½ é£å·§å¤ºå¤åçå æï¼å¼å¨ä½ é£é¥±èåå¦ç¥è¯ç大èï¼ç²¾å¿å°è®¾è®¡å¶ä½å§ï¼
ããçæ¡
ããå¨ä¸åªè¯ç®¡ä¸å å
¥å 毫åçæ æ°´é
ç²¾ï¼95ï¼
çé
ç²¾ä¹è¡ï¼ï¼åæ
¢æ
¢æ»´å
¥çéçæµç¡«é
¸ï¼å¨è¯ç®¡çèé¢è¡¬æä¸å¼ æ·±èè²çå
纸ï¼æå¨å ä¸è¯ç®¡å°æµç¡«é
¸åé
精混ååååï¼å
³éç¯å
ï¼ç¶åå°ä¸äºé«é°é
¸é¾é¢ç²ç¼æ
¢å°æå
¥è¯ç®¡ä¸ãçå»ï¼ä½ å°±å¯ä»¥æ¬£èµè¿ä¸ªâ液ä½æå
âäºãåæ¥ï¼è¯ç®¡ä¸åççä¸ç³»åçåå¦ååºãç´«è²çé«é°é
¸é¾æ¯ä¸ç§å¾å¼ºçæ°§ååï¼âç½åæµç¡«é
¸ä½ç¨æ¶ï¼æ¾åºäºæ°§æ°ï¼åæ¶ä¹æ¾åºå¤§éççï¼è¿æ¶ï¼é«é°é
¸é¾é¢ç²å¨å´çé
ç²¾å¾å¿«è¾¾å°çç¹èçæèç¼çç«è±ï¼ç±äºçé对æµçä½ç¨ï¼è¿äºéªççç«
ããè¦æ³äºè§£æ´å¤,请ç
§åèèµæ.
åèèµæï¼http://ym-hk.com/?id=810