定语从句中which和that的区别

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

定语从句which 和that的用法区别：
that (指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，还可以作表语，作宾语或表语可以省略)，当That 指物可以与which互换。
以下几种情况只用that：
1. 先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one that I really like.
This is the very book that I want to have.
5. 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
6. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that,而不用who (whom),which。

另外：
that (指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，还可以作表语，作宾语或表语可以省略)
He is not the man that he used to be.
that 在从句中作介词的宾语，介词不提前，反之介词提前，必不用that.
The house that we live in is not large.

其实which和that主要的区别在于用法，下面是解析总结：

(1)引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。
如：
He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.
他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。

(2)直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which。
如：
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.
她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。

注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：
He had only the long nights in which he could study. =He had only the long nights in which to study.
他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。
He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself.
他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。

(3)当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时
如：
much,little,none,all,few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that。
All that she lacked was training.
她缺的只是训练。
Have you everything that you need?
你需要的东西都有了吗?

(4)当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。
如：
This is the only example that I know.
我知道的例子只有这一个。
Those are the very words that he used.
那是他的原话。

(5)当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that。
如：
This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.
这是我用过的最好的词典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.
你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

(6)当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that。
如：
China is not the country (that) it was.
中国已不是过去的中国了。

(7)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that。
如：
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.
他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

(8)当要避免重复时。
如：
Which is the course that we are to take?
我们选哪门课程？

(一) 当先行词指物时只能用that 而不能用which 的几种常见情况
1，先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little 等不定代词时。
如：
There is nothing that can stop him from doing it
2，先行词前有last, next, only，very 及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
如：
This is the most interesting film that was shown last week
这是上周所放映的影片中最有趣的一部。
The only thing that they can do is to wait
他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
3，先行词前有序数词或最高级等修饰时。
如：
This is the second computer that father has just bought
这是爸爸刚刚买的第二台电脑。
This is the very pen (that) you bought yesterday
这正是你昨天买的笔。
4，当先行词既有人，又有物时。
如：
Sally is talking about the writer and his book that interests her
萨丽在谈论这位作家及能使她感兴趣的这位作家的书。

Answer 2

关系代词which和that的区别如下：
1. 先行词为疑问词who或which时，限制性定语从句的关系代词只能用that引导。
Who that has seen the photos of starving children doesn't want to help them?
那些看见过饥饿小孩的照片的人有谁不想要帮助他们呢？
Who that you have seen can beat him in chess?
你看过有谁能在棋艺上打败他？
Which was the bag that you left on the train?
哪一个是你忘在火车上的包呢？
2. 但先行词为that、those时，定语从句只能用who、which来引导。
What's that which you asked for?
你要的是什么？
Chance favors only those who know how to court her.
机会只会青睐那些懂得如何掌握它的人。
3. 关系代词紧接在介系词后面时，不能用who或that，只能用宾格的which或whom（即关系代词该用谁就用谁）。
The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.
你提到的那位女士，是我们的校长。
The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late.
我等的那班火车目前已经迟了半小时了。
This is the new desk, the book on which is hers.
这是新桌子，桌子上的书是她的。
4. 如果先行词是不定代词，关系代词只能用that。
All that students have to do is study hard.
学生们必须做的事情就是用功读书。
Does "whisper" mean saying something that is not clear?
whisper的意思是说一些听不清楚的话吗？
She hates everything that is modern.
她恨任何现代的东西。
I won't go to any university or college that is located in the suburbs.
我不会考任何在郊区的大学。
5. 如果先行词前出现了形容词最高级、the only、the very、the same和序数词，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词只能用that。
He is the only person that was present at the time.
他是那时唯一在场的人。
Today is the coldest day that we have experienced.
今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。
Is this the very first aerobics class that you have ever attended?
这是你上的第一次有氧运动课吗？
The last thing that I want to do is to learn English.
我最不愿意做的事情就是学英语。
6. 在非限制性定语从句中，则不能用that，而要用who或which，作宾语用的代词也不省略，which引导的定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句。
I, who am your best friend, will certainly help you.
我是你最好的朋友，肯定会帮助你。
My father fell ill on May 2, 2010, which ended my dream to go to college.
我父亲于2010年5月2日突然生病，使我的大学梦想结束。
I told him to go to a doctor, which advice he took.
我叫他去看医生，他听取了我的劝告。
She is studying English, which language is very important in the twenty-first century.
她在学英语，这门语言在21世纪很重要。
James was seriously sick, which she didn't know.
詹姆斯病得很重，她并不知道。
They thought him dull, which he wasn't.
他们认为他很笨，但实际上他并不笨。

Answer 3

在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,
1.We should do all that is useful to the people .
2.There's nothing that can be said about it .
3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时.
1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.
2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.
I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.
1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.
1.This is the best that can be done now.
2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如：
1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .
2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.
1. Which is the book that you like best?
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .
1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.
2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .
定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .
1. Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
What's that which she is looking at?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.本回答被提问者采纳

Answer 4

共同点：1 都能引导定语从句，都能指事或物； 2 都能引导限定性定语从句。
不同点：1 which只能指代事或者物，that既可指代事物又可指代人；
2 which既能引导限定性定语从句，又可以引导非限定性定语从句，that只能引导限定性定语从句。

Answer 5

that 比较万能，可以连接后面的人或者物，而which 只能连接物体，要修饰人的话也可以用who