一般现在时是讲一般发生的事情，常和频率副词一起。如：Shecleansherbedroomeveryday. 一般过去时是讲过去发生的事情，过去的了，和现在没有一点关系。如：Shecleanedherbedroomyesterday. 现在进行时则是现在进行的。构成：be+动词-ing。如：Sheiscleaningherbedroomnow. 过去进行时则与现在进行时差不多。构成:be的过去式+动词的ing.如：Theyweretalkingloudly. 现在完成时(ThePresentPerfectTense) 1.动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间(过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道),但它的结果仍对现在有影响. Ihavereadtheletter,andIknowwhatitisabout. 2.动作发生在过去,目前仍在继续或刚刚结束,常和"for"加上"一段时间",或"since"加上"一个确切的过去的时间"连用. a)"for"用于过去的一段时间.(动词必须是可以延续的) Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.她去那儿有6个月了。 (直到现在) Hewentthere6monthsago. Hehasneverbeenthere.他从来都没去过那里。(直到现在) b)"since"用于过去的一个确切的时间,意思是"从那时一直到现在",总是和完成 时一齐用,而且不能省略.(主句动词必须是可以延续的) TimhasbeeninNantongsinceJanuary.自从1月份以来他一直都在南通。(现在仍在南通) 注意:"since"后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句. Hehasbeeninterestedincollectingcoinssincehewasachild. 他打小时侯起就对收集硬币感兴趣。（现在还是如此） c)现在完成时常和短语"uptonow/tillnow","sofar"(意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.) Upto/tillnowhe'sreadmanystorybooks.至今他已读过好多故事书。 I'vebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar.至今我已到纽约去过三次。 3.刚刚完成的动作. I'vejustgotaletterfrommybrother. 4."already"用于现在完成时的肯定句中,"yet"用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中 Hehas(already)visitedmanyplacesinChina.(already) Hehascomebacknow.HaveyoueverbeentoAustralia? 注意"already"在句中的两种位置. Thetrainhasn'tarrivedyet.火车（到现在）还没有到。 Hasshearrivedyet?她已经到了吗？Hasn'thecomeyet?她还没来吗？ Ihaven'tbeenverysuccessfulsofar.我一直都没有成功。 注意:"havebeen"（去过）和"havegone"（去了）的区别: HehasgonetoBeijing.(Heisthereorisonhiswaythere.) HehasbeentoShanghai.(Hewasthereonce,butheisnottherenow.) 5.当现在完成时句中无时间状语,它只是指一个简单的已经完成的动作 I'vecleanedthesitting-room.我已把起居室打扫过了。(已完成了工作) 6.现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作. Hehasrungmeupfivetimestoday.(五次分隔的行为) 8.一般过去时(常带有确切的表示过去的时间状语)和现在完成时的比较: Whendidyoustayatthishotel? Istayedherefiveyearsago. Haveyoueverstayedatthishotel? Yes,I'vestayedheretwice.(无确切的过去的时间状语) Yes,Istayedherefortwomonths.(过去的一段时间,我已不在那儿.) Yes,Istayedherefiveyearsago.(有确切的过去的时间状语) Howlonghaveyoubeenstayingatthishotel?仍在这儿) 9.通常和现在完成时一起用的副词: Ihavejustgotaletterfrommybrother. HehasalreadyboughtanAmericancarandhasgonetotheU.S.A. Hehasbeenthereforsixmonthssofar. Motherhasneverbeenabroadbefore. 常和完成时连用的副词和实践短语： already,yet,just,ever,never,before today,now,thismorning,thisweek,thesedays,inthepasttwoyears forthreehours,fortwoweeks,foryears,foralongtime sincethreeo'clock,sincelastTuesday,since1980,sincethen sincehecamehere,sincewebegantolearnEnglish II.PutthefollowingintoChineseandtelloutthedifferencebetweenthem: 1.Ihaveseenthefilm.Isawitlastnight. 2.Theplanehasnotarrivedyet.Itwillarrivesoon. 3.Wherehaveyoubeen?Ihavebeentothelibrary. Whatdidyoudothere?Ireturnedsomebooks. 4.WhereisXiaoLi?Hehasgonetotheplayground. 5.Whatareyoudoingnow?Iamreadingabookonradio. Howmanypageshaveyouread?Aboutthirty. 6.HowlonghaveyoubeenaPartymember? IhavebeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.IjoinedthePartyfiveyearsago. 7.ShehaslearnedEnglishsince1981.(fortenyears) 8.Ihaven'tseenhimsincehewenttothenorth. III.Completethesentences,using"for"and"since": 1.we,study,English,(fiveyears,1982) 2.nobody,write,tous,(NationalDay,almostamonth) 3.it,notrain,(alongtime,October) 4.i,notplay,football,(lastSunday,aweek) 5.he,work,inthisfactory,(morethantenyears,1976) IV.Askquestionsabouttheunderlinedparts: 1.MissBrownhaslivedinChinafortenyears. 2.Theyhavefoundatortoiseontheriverbank. 3.Wehavevisitedthefactorytwice. 4.Afamousscientisthasjustcometoourschool. 5.IhaveboughtaChinese-EnglishDictionary. 6.Hehasmadetenmodelplanessincemorning. V.Completethefollowing,andthengiveshortanswers: 1.Haveyou_______________________________? betothebookshopdoyourhomework returnthebooktohimwritetoher 2.Hasshe_________________________________? gotoseethedoctorborrowthemagazines cleantheclassroomreadthestory 3.Howmany___________________haveyou__________________? learnEnglishsongsdomathsexercises builtnewhousestakephotos 4.Howlonghashisbrother_____________________? studyRussianstayinBeijing beaLeaguememberteacherofthisschool (Notethechangesintheverbs) join------beamemberofbuy------have ------beinfallill-------beill die------bedeadcatchacold------haveacold borrow----keepcome------behere comeback------bebackcometoChina-----beinChina cometoworkhere---workherebegin------beon begintostudyhere-----studyleave------beaway（from） leavehere------beawayfromheregotobed------beasleep startteaching------teachbecomeaworker----beaworker gettoknoweachother---knoweachother takeaninterestin-----beinterestedin turn…on/off-----keep…on/off open/close…----keep…open/closed VI.Correctthemistakesinthefollowing: 1.Hehasboughtthepenfortwoyears. 2.Ihaveborrowedthebookfortwoyears. 3.Thefilmhasbegunforhalfanhour. 4.Theyhavecomehereforamonth. 5.WehavebeguntolearnEnglishforayear. 6.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyfortwoyears. 7.Wehavebuiltalotofnewhousesfortwoyears. 8.Whenhaveyougotthere?Lastyear. 9.Hehasfoundthebikejustnow. 10.I'mgladyou'vecomeback.Howlonghaveyoustayedthere? VII.Putintheverbsintheirproperforms: 1.-What________Tom_________(do)now? -He____________(work)onamathsproblem. -_______he_________(work)itout? -No,notyet.I___________(think)he____________(work)itoutsoon. 2.MrSmith___________(visit)Chinatwicesince1980. 3.-What______he___________(do)whenyou_________(go)toseehimyesterdaymorning? -He____________(write)aletterothismother. 4.There___________(be)afootballmatchtomorrow.______you_________(go)withus? 5.Idon'tknowhowlonghe___________(be)aLeaguemember. 6.-Wheredoesyourfather_________(work)? -He_____________(work)inthatfactory. -Howlong__________he__________(work)there? -Forovertwentyyears. 7.-_______you_______(write)toyourfatherrecently? -Yes,I_________. 8.-_______thetrain__________(arrive)yet? -No,notyet. -When___________it_________(arrive)then? -Intenminutes. 9.-What________you_________(do)now? -I_______________(read)abook. -Howmanypages________you_________(read)? -Aboutthirty. 10.They_____________(have)fiveEnglisheveningslastterm. 11.They_____________(have)fiveEnglisheveningssincelastterm. 12.Ifit_________(notrain)tomorrow,we_________(play)football. VIII.GivetheEnglishforthese: 1.你去过长城吗?去过.我是1980年去那儿的. 2.他自从去了美国以来还没有给我写过信. 3.怀特一家在这里住了已有十年了. 4.在最近的十年里工人们在上海造了许多新房子. 5.史密斯先生来中国有两星期了. 6.小李在那儿?他去了图书馆 7.你爸爸当教师有多久了? 8.这本书你读了几遍?
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