不规则动词变化有哪些?

如题所述

动词不规则变化。
1.一般动词直接加-ed;
2.以e结尾的动词直接加-d;
3.辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加;
4.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(字母w,y,x除外),双写这个辅音字母加-ed;
5.以l结尾的动词,若以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。
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第1个回答  2008-06-15
韩语不规则动词

一、“으”不规则动词

词干末音节的元音以“으”结尾的动词大部分都是不规则动词

1.如果动词词干中以“으”结尾的末音节之前的音节的元音是“아/오”,该动词词干选择连接以“아”开头的词尾,此时要去掉词干末音节的“으”,词干末音节的辅音和词尾的“아”结合

2.如果动词词干中以“으”结尾的末音节之前的音节的元音是“아/오”以外的元音,该动词词干选择连接以“어”开头的词尾,此时要去掉词干末音节的“으”,词干末音节的辅音和词尾的“어”结合

二、“ㅂ”不规则动词

词干末音节的辅音以“ㅂ”结尾的某些动词是不规则动词

1.当词干连接元音时(准确的说应该是连接以“아/오”开头的词尾时)发生变化,这时词干末音节的辅音“ㅂ”一般先变为“우”,然后只连接以“어”开头的词尾,“우”与“어”结合为“워”

2.但“돕다”(帮助)和“곱다”(漂亮)等除外,他们词干末音节的辅音“ㅂ”变为“오”,只连接以“아”开头的词尾,“오”与“아”结合为“와”;词干连接辅音时末音节的辅音“ㅂ”不变化

三、“ㄹ”不规则动词

词干末音节的辅音以“ㄹ”结尾并连接辅音“ㄴ、ㅂ、ㅅ”时,“ㄹ”应去掉

四、“ㄷ”不规则动词

动词词干末音节的以“ㄷ”结尾并选择连接以“아/오”开头的词尾时,“ㄷ”变为“ㄹ”;连接辅音时不变化。但“닫다”(关闭)、“받다”(得到)、“ 믿다”(相信)除外

五、“르”不规则动词

1.当动词词干末音节为“르”,选择连接以“어”开头的词尾,前一音节为开音节且元音为“아/오”时(-아르/-오르的形式+어),“르”结合“어”变为“라”,前一音节添加韵尾“ㄹ”(-알라/-올라的形式)

2.当动词词干末音节为“르”,选择连接以“어”开头的词尾,前一音节为开音节且元音为“아/오”以外的元音时,“르”结合“어”变为“러”,前一音节添加韵尾“ㄹ”(-ㄹ러的形式)

还有差不多的一篇:

韩国语音变规则
1.后一个字的辅音是“ㅇ”前面一个字有尾音时,尾音变成第二个字的辅音。

例:선생님은 [선생니믄] 학생들이 [학생드리]

2.“ㄱ”尾音碰到后一个字的辅音是“ㅁ”“ㄹ”“ㄴ”时 “ㄱ”尾音变成“ㅇ”尾音。

例:국물 [궁물] 숙녀 [숭녀] 백년 [뱅년] 흑룡강 [흥뇽강]

3.“ㄱ”“ㄷ”“ㅂ”尾音碰到后一个字的辅音是“ㅎ”时,“ㄱ”变为“ㅋ”, “ㄷ”变为.“ㅌ”, “ㅂ”变为“ㅍ”。

例:시작하다 [시자카다] 입학 [이팍] 싫다 [실타]

4.“ㅂ”尾音碰到后一个字的辅音是“ㄴ”“ㄹ”“ㅁ”时“ㅂ”尾音发“ㅁ”的音。

例:밥맛 [밤맏] 많습니다 [만씀니다]

5.前一个字的尾音是“ㄱ”“ㄷ”“ㅂ”时,后一个字的辅音是“ㄱ”“ㄷ”“ㅂ”“ㅅ”“ㅈ”时,后一个字辅音要发成紧音。

例:학교 [학꾜] 입고 [입꼬] 늦가을 [ 까을]

학생 [학쌩] 숙제 [숙쩨] 왔다 [ 따]

6.后一字的辅音是“ㅎ”时,一般都发前一个字尾音,无尾音才发“ㅎ”的音。

例:선선하다 [선서나다] 미안하다 [미아나다]

7.当“ㄹ”碰到“ㄴ”时,不管是尾音还是辅音。“ㄴ”都要变成“ㄹ”。

例:설날 [설랄]

8.当“ㄹ”尾音后碰到后面辅音“ㄴ”“ㅂ”“ㅅ”“ㄹ”时“ㄹ”要脱落。

例:들다-----드십니다, 드십시오, 듭시다

걸다-----거십니다, 거십시오, 겁시다

9.当一个谓词的尾音是“ㅁ”和“ㄴ”时,后面的辅音要变成紧音。

例:삼고 [삼꼬] 是谓词

삼다 [삼다] 是词组

10.当两个单独的词构成一个新单词,前一个词没有收音的时候,必须添加“ㅅ”尾音。

例:초 烛 불 光 ---------촛불 烛光

코 鼻 물 水 ---------콧물 鼻涕

11.当复合单词的前一个字的尾音是“ㄴ”“ㅇ”“ㅁ”时,后一个字的声母(辅音)必须要念成紧音。

例:산 山 길 路 ----------산길 山路 [산낄]

등 灯 불 火 ----------등불 灯火 [등뿔]

김 紫菜 밥 饭 ----------김밥 紫菜饭团 [김빱]

12.当两个单词组成一个复合单词时,前一个单词的收音为“ㄱ”时,后一个单词的元音是“ㅕ”“ㅛ”“ㅠ”“ㅑ”“ㅡ”而辅音是“ㅇ”,这时辅音变成“ㄴ”。(“ㄴ”添加)

例:한국 역사 [한궁 녁싸] 한국 음식 [한궁 늠식]

한국 약 [한궁 냑] 뇌막 역 [뇌망 녁]

13.有“ㄹ”尾音的名词的后一个字的辅音是松音,要变紧音。

例:일시 [일씨] 몰상식 [몰쌍식] 갈등 [갈 ] 절도 [절또]

14.当“ㅁ”“ㅇ”尾音遇到“ㄹ”辅音时,“ㄹ”要发“ㄴ”的音。

例:대통령 [대통녕] 염려 [염녀]

15.当“ㄷ”和“ㅣ”接触念成“ㅈ”; “ㅌ”和“ㅣ”接触念成“ㅊ”。

例:맏이 [마지] 같이 [가치]

16.复合单词“ㄹ”为辅音,尾音是“ㄴ”时,“ㄹ”变成“ㄴ”。

例:생산량 [생산냥]

17.“ㄷ”收音,遇到后面是“ㄴ”“ㅁ”,“ㄷ”发“ㄴ”的音。

例:닫는다 [단는다] 믿는다 [민는다] 맛만 [만만] 있는 [인는]

*더이 (重牙) 덧이 [던니]

*맛있다 [마딛따 / 마싣따] 멋있다 [머딛따 / 머싣따]

되어 [되어 /되여] 이오 [이요]

这是我在网上找的,虽然简单,觉得还是比较全面的,就发过来,没有更完整的了,自己写真的就像一楼说的:“好麻烦啊”
希望能给你做参考

如果你真想确切知道的话,买本语法书就自然明了了,呵呵本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答  2008-06-22
(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
spread (伸展/ 传播)
spread spread

(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten

(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成)became become
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run

(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
get(得到) got got
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
lay (产卵) laid laid
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met
keep (保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt
flee (逃跑) fled fled
smell(闻) smelt smelt
leave(离开) left left
build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent
send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent
sink (沉下)sunk /sank snuk /sunken
lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt
learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是)meant meant
catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought
buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold
tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
feed ( 饲养 )fed fed
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
smell (闻)smelled /smelt smelled /smelt
stick (粘贴 /刺) stuck stuck
spell (拼写)spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
spit (吐唾沫)spat spat
understand(明白)understood understood

(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始)began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
hide (躲藏)hid hidden
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw (画) drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷)threw thrown
show(出示) showed shown
break(打破)broke broken
choose(选择)chose chosen
forget(忘记)forgot forgotten (forgot)
freeze (结冰/ 凝固)froze frozen
speak(说) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woke
drive(驾驶)drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(给) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错)mistook mistaken
ride(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written
do(做) did done
go(去) went gone
lie(平躺) lay lain
see(看见) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been

不规则动词过去式和过去分词巧记方法

一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如:

cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread

特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:

come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome

三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:

1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如:

lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent

2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如:

sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held

3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:

keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept

4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如:

buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught

5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如:

say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid

6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如:

have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt

四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如:

begin-began-begun, sing-sang-sung

五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:

blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known

六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:

Rise-rose-risen, arise-arose-arisen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate -eaten

特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten
第3个回答  2008-06-15
不规则动词
A A A
1. cut cut cut
2. hit hit hit
3. let let let
4. put put put
5. cost cost cost
6. hurt hurt hurt
7. read read read
A B B
1. lend lent lent
2. spend pent spent
3. build built built
4. sleep slept slept
5. keep kept kept
6. leave left left
7. feel felt felt
8. lose lost lost
9. sit sat sat
10. meet met met
11. tell told told
12. sell sold sold
13. hold held held
14. make made made
15. find found found
16. have had had
17. say said said
18. stand stood stood
19. hear heard heard
20. mean meant meant
21. win won won
22. bring brought brought
23. buy bought bought
24. think thought thought
25. teach taught taught
26. catch caught caught

A B A
1. run ran run
2. come came come
3. become became become

A B C
1. grow grew grown
2. know knew known
3. throw threw thrown
4. blow blew blown
5. draw drew drawn
6. drive drove driven
7. wake woke woken
8. give gave given
9. take took taken
10. mistake mistook mistaken
11. see saw seen
12. write wrote written
13. ride rode ridden
14. eat ate eaten
15. fall fell fallen
16. break broke broken
17. choose chose chosen
18. speak spoke spoken
19. forget forgot forgotten
20. do did done
21. go went gone
1 怎样巧记不规则动词
(1)原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cast/cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/broadcast/burst/read/red/set/shut/spread/thrust/upset

(2)原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten

(3)原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come become/became/become
run/ran/run overcome/overcame/overcome

(4)原形不同,过去式,过去分词相同:

feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
leave/left/left smell/smelt/smelt
keep/kept/kept creep/crept/crept
kneel/knelt/knelt sweep/swept/swept
spell/spelt/spelt weep/wept/wept
catch/caught/caught fight/fought/fought
teach/taught/taught think/thought/thought
stand/stood/stood lay/laid/laid
understand/understood/understood pay/paid/paid
bleed/bled/bled say/said/said
feed/fed/fed stick/stuck/stuck
lead/led/led strike/struck/struck
meet/met/met tell/told/told
learn/learnt/learnt sell/sold/sold
learn/learned/learned win/won/won
burn/burnt/burnt wind/wound/wound
burn/burned/burned have(has)/had/had
deal/dealt/dealt hear/heard/heard
mean/meant/meant lean/leant/leant
dream/dreamt/dreamt lean/ leaned/leaned
bend/bent/bent shine/shone/shone
build/built/built shoot/shot/shot
lend/lent/lent show/showed/shown,
spend/spent/spent show/showed//showed
flee/fled/fled sit/sat/sat
speed/sped/sped lose/lost/lost
speed/speeded/speeded dig/dug/dug
spit/spit/spit hold/held/held
spit/spat/spat get/got/got(AmE gotten)
bring/brought/brought find/found/found
light/lit/lit make/made/made
light/lighted/lighted buy/bought/bought
第4个回答  2008-06-15
好麻烦的啊
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