英语句子结构分析.

It offers more than 500 course videos, with the most popular one(advanced mathematics) having attracted almost 20,000 views so far.

在这个句子中"with ...."引导的是不是作状语? "attracted"在这里是不是作分词, 表示"已经吸引...." 的一种状态?.

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第1个回答  2014-03-04

It offers more than 500 course videos, with the most popular one(advanced mathematics) having attracted almost 20,000 views so far.

 

在这个句子中"with ...."引导的是不是作状语?  "attracted"在这里是不是作分词, 表示"已经吸引...." 的一种状态?.


with the most popular one ( advanced mathematics 同位语)having attracted almost 20, 000 views so far 


with + 名词+ 非谓语 结构中现在分词 是典型 with 复合结构,以及相关with的独立主格结构,做伴随状语一个用法做一一讲解和介绍


中文意思:它提供了超过500多个课程视频录象, 其中最受欢迎一个(高等数学) 迄今 / 至今已经吸引了2万人观看.


with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。现在就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助这位同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 


【1】with结构的构成 

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 
1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 
2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 
3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 
4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 
5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 


下面分别举例: 
1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.

(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 


2、 With the meal over , we all went home.

(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 


3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。

(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) 

  The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 


4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) 


He could not finish it without me to help him.

(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 


5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语)


【2】With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 
2.From space the earth looks like a huge
water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 
3.A little boy with two of his front teeth
missing ran into the house. 





【3】with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。 

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别: 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。 


例如: With the boy leading the
way,we found he house easily.

(小男孩已领过路) 
With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house
easily tomorrow.

(小男孩明天将领路) 
He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

 

【4】with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而"介词with+名词或代词(组)"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

 

【5】with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。 


独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如: 
There were rows of white houses with trees in
front of them.

("with+复合宾语"结构,在句中作定语) 


A strong man working a whole day could not jump
this high.

(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语) 


The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and
his hand raised.

(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语) 


Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.

(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

 

【6】with结构的用法 

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 
With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 
2.From space the earth looks like a huge
water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 
3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing
ran into the house. 


 

【7】with结构的特点 

    with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。


例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)

→(He was taken good care of.)


 She fell asleep with the
light burning. →(The light was burning.)

 With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.) 


2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it
without me to help him. 


【8】with其它用法小结


一、with表拥有某物

Mary married a man with a lot of money .
马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。
I often dream of a big house with a nice garden .
我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。
The old man lived with a little dog on the lonelyisland .
这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 

二、with表用某种工具或手段

I cut the apple with a sharp knife .
我用一把锋利的刀削平果。
Tom drew the picture with a pencil .
汤母用铅笔画画。

三、with表人与人之间的协同关系

make friends with sb 
talk with sb 
quarrel with sb
struggle with sb
fight with sb
play with sb
work with sb
cooperate with sb
I have been friends with Tom for ten years sincewe worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him .
自从我们一起工作以来,我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了,我们从没有吵过架。

四、with 表原因或理由

John was in bed with high fever .
约翰因发烧卧床。
He jumped up with joy .
他因高兴跳起来。
Father is often excited with wine .
父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。

五、with 表“带来”,或“带有,具有”,在…身上,在…身边之意

The girl with golden hair looks beautiful .
那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。
The famous director will come to the meeting withthe leading actor and 
actress. 
那个有名的导演将带着男女主角来到会场。
A storm with a hurricane has come onto its way .
带有飓风的风暴要来了。
Do you have money with you .
身上带着钱吗? 
Take the umbrella with you in case it rains .
随身带伞,以防下雨。

六、with表想法,信念,态度与…一致

I agree with you on how to deal with it .
关于此事如何处理,我同意你的看法。
I believe with the headmaster that a good teachershould not only teach a student what to learn but also how to learn it .
我相信校长所说,一个好老师不但教学生学什么,而且应教学生怎么去学。

七、with表示让步,“虽有,尽管”

With all his money and fame, he is not happy .
有着钱和名誉,他还是不快乐。
With good teachers and warmhearted classmates ,thenew comer feels lonely .
虽有着好老师和热心的同学,这个新来的还是感觉孤独。

八、with表同时,或同一方向,“随着”

The temperature of cold-blooded animals changewith the temperature of the surroundings .
冷血动物的体温随着周围的环境的改变而变化。
The big ship is sailing with the wind .
这个大船正随风向航行。
And with the last words , she turned away.
随着最后一句话说完,他转身离开了。

九、with的复合结构表行为方式或伴随情况

1、 with + n/pron + adj.
He left the room with the door open .
门开着,他就离开了屋子。
Don’t talk with your mouse full .
嘴里满是东西时不要说话。

2、with + n/pron + adv.
With the radio on ,grandma slept deeply in thechair .
收音机开者,奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着。
With Tom away , I always feel lonely .
汤母不在,我一直感觉孤独。

3、with + n/pron + done
The fellow stood there with his hands crossed .
这个家伙两手交叉,站在那里。
The peasants have a good harvest with all thecrops got in .
庄稼都收割了,农民们有了一个好收成。

4、with + n/pron + to do
With this book to help you , you can finish yourwork as soon as possible .
有这本书来帮忙,你能尽快完成工作。
With so many problems to settle ,the new managerwas too worried to eat anything .
有着太多问题要去处理,新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。

5、with + n/pron + n
The old man looks down upon everyone ,with his sonchairman of the company .
因为他儿子是公司的主席,这个老头瞧不起任何人。
He was taken to hospital with his legs a mass ofbleeding flesh .
他被抬到医院,他的腿血肉模糊。

6、with + n/pron + 介词短语
The man left the meeting with a book in his hand .
这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。
The woman with a diamond necklace around the neckmust be wealthy .
那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。

十、with其他用法主要出现在一些常用词和习语中,记住其特定含义即可。

It is a long time not to get in touch with Tom.
很长时间没有和汤母取得联系了。
Down with imperialism.
打倒帝国主义。 



【9】WITH 与动词及其它词的各种搭配使用

    动词+ with
    a)动词+ with。with接对象或目标,意思为“与…,从…”:agree with同意;适应,
    begin with从…开始, continue with继续,
    do with应付, deal with对付,
    fight with与…作战, fool with愚弄,
    hurry with忙于, mix with与…混合在一起,
    meet with偶遇, play with把玩,
    quarrel with与某人争吵, reason with与某人评理,
    settle with与人协商。
    例如:
    Let’s begin our class with an English song. 我们以一首英语歌开讲。
    I meant to reason with you, but you won’t reason. 我本要与你理论理论,但你不愿意。
    b)动词+ sth./sb. + with + sth./sb.。
    介词with意为“以,用”:compare with与…比较, combine with与…混合,
    equip with以…装备, feed with用…喂养,
    furnish with用…装饰, provide with提供, replace with以…替代,
    supply with供给。
    例如:
    Education must be combined with productive
    labour.教育应与生产力相结合。
    They replaced slave labour with machines. 他们用机器代替奴工。
    2. be +形容词/过去分词+ with。
    介词with表示情绪的原因、凭借等意思:be angry
    with恼怒, be annoyed with使烦恼,
    be busy with忙于, be bored with使烦心, be burdened with担负,
    be crowded with拥挤着, be connected with与…联系, be covered with覆盖着,
    be concerned with关心, be content with对…满意,
    be disappointed with失望于, be delighted with对…感到高兴, be engaged with忙碌于,
    be exhausted with由于…而极度疲倦, be filled with充满, be familiar with熟悉,
    be friendly with对…友好, be occupied with忙碌, be overcome with极为,
    be popular with受…欢迎, be patient with对…有耐心,
    be pleased with对…高兴, be satisfied with满意于, be strict with对…严格,
    be wrong with有毛病, be wild with因…而欣喜。
    例如:
    He was much annoyed with his son’s behavior. 他对儿子的行为相当恼火。
    I’m fully occupied with my daily work. 我忙碌于日常事务。
    When he caught sight of her, he was overcome with despair.
    看到她,他非常失望。
    3.动词+副词/介词短语+with构成的词组:
    catch up with赶上, do away with废除,
    fall in love with爱上,
    get together with与…联欢,keep in touch with保持联系,keep up with赶上


【10】中学阶段with一些固定搭配使用


1. 带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如:

  Run with the kite like this.
  2. 附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:
  A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two
hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.
  3. 和…… (某人)一起。
  a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如:
  Now I am in China with my parents.
  Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.
  He / She's talking with a friend.
  b. 跟go, come 连用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:
  Do you want to come with me?
  4. 和play一起构成短语动词play
  with 意为"玩耍……,玩弄……" 如:
  Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.
  5. 与help 一起构成 help...with...句式,意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:
  On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with
their English.
  6. 表示面部神情,有"含着……,带着……" 如:
  "I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with
tears in his eyes.
  7. 表示 "用……" 如:
  You play it with your feet. What do the farmers do
with your machines?
  8. 表示 "对……, 关于……"。如:
  What's wrong with it? There's something wrong with my
computer

第2个回答  2014-03-04

很高兴为你解答:


这是英语中,典型的独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absolute construction)。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外,但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,共同构成一个完整的语义环境。


with复合结构属于一种独立主格结构。with复合结构,即“with +宾语+宾语补足语”,其中宾语多为名词,宾语补足语多为名词、形容词、不定时、现在分词或过去分词。用法大体如下:


    He used to write late into the night, with his cat his only companion. 他常常写作到㥤%1夜,只有猫陪伴着他

    Joe wore a shirt with the neck open,showing his bare chest.他穿着一件衬衫,领口敞开着,胸脯袒露。

    Green fell asleep, with light still burning.格林开着灯睡着了。


故提问的句子与例3类似,大体意思是这样的:

这里提供500多种课程视频,其中有最受欢迎的高等数学教学视频,迄今为止已经吸引了几乎20000点击率。


相信你现在对独立主格结构有了一些了解。希望这些可以帮到你!若有疑惑,可追问。

本回答被提问者采纳
第3个回答  2014-03-04

     "with ...."引导的是不是作状语?

    是的, with the most popular one 是个介系词短语做状语,用来修饰offers这个动词,说明提供的方式是包括了最受欢迎的那一个视频。

    having attracted 这个是个典型的现在分词短语作定语,修饰前面的 the most popular one,这个是个省略句,完整的句子是

    It offers more than 500 course videos, with the most popular one(advanced mathematics) which have attracted almost 20,000 views so far.

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