英语语法 do和be在什么情况下用

简单明了 , 快点平
一般疑问句 ,怎么区分用法

be是一个连系动词,它有自己不同的形式
现在时:be 进行时:being 过去时:was/were 过去分词:been
它的后面必须跟形容词或名词作表语,与之构成系表结构,充当句子的谓语。
i am a student主语:i 谓语:am a student(系表结构)
being是它的现在进行时态,一般不单独用,而是用于现在进行时的被动语态。(being+动词过去分词)
the bike is being repaired.单车正在被修理中。
it is being finished by him这正在被他完成中。
been是它的过去分词,也不一般单独使用,而是用于现在完成时、过去完成时以及需要它的句子。
i have been here for a long time.我已经到这里有一段时间了。
至于你的问题,这与你想表达的意思有关。
你的工作是什么?
what do you do? what is your job?
那么这里选用do和is有什么根据呢?
第一句里面,第二个do是指你做什么,也就是你的工作,就是一个实义动词。按中文说,what you do已经足够了。可是英语里面就不行,必须跟一个助动词,也就是do.
这里就有了一个结论:当句子中有动词时,我们就用助动词do或是does.如果没有动词时,我们就选用is或是are,也就是b“Be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:am, is, are, been, being, was, were.

在句子中,“be”可以是主动词(The Principal Verb)或助动词(The Auxiliary Verb).

当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于接系动词(The Linking Verb), 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(The Complement)。例如:

1. The man is a science teacher.

2. Mary's new dresses are colourful.

3. I have been there before.

4. Mother is in the kitchen now.

这四个都是陈述句,可以变成疑问句,方法简单,把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可:

5. Is the man a science teacher?

6. Are Mary's new dresses colourful?

7. Have I been there before?

8. Is mother in the kitchen now?

当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借重助动词“do”或“don't”之助,如:

9. Don't be silly!

10. Do be obedient!

11. Don't be a fool!

“Be”有两种缩写法,如下:

12. He's not...../He isn't....

13. You're not...../You aren't...

但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个:

14. I'm not.

有人用“ain't”, 但这并不是标准英语。

谈过了“be”作主动词的功能,现在看看“be”作助动词时,有些什么用法:

1.“Be + 现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses),如:

15. Tony's maid is washing his new car.

16. The children are playing in the field.

17. Samuel was eating when I came in.

18. We have been living here since 1959.

2.“Be + 过去分词”以组成被动语态(The Passive Voice),如:

19. Her money in the drawer was stolen.

20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners.

21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America.

22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park?

23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom.

24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours.

25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with.
当陈述句的谓语是实义动词时,助动词do通常用于疑问句和否定句中。如:

I go to school every day.

我每天上学。

Do you go to school every day?

你每天都上学吗?

I don”t go to school every day.

我不是每天都上学。

另外,助动词do还可用于强调句中,用于强调谓语动词。如:

将助动词do及do 的相应形式放于动词前,而动词要用原形。又如:

I did tell him.

我的确告诉他了。

He does like playing football.

他的确喜欢踢球。
其余时候do作动词原形,表示做
参考资料:http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/12999359.html?fr=qrl3

现在进行时表将来是有条件的,而且只有一些固定的动词可以。

现在进行时表达按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作
有这种用法的动词或短语有:come, go, start, leave, take off, fly, see off, meet, get(to), arrive, stay, return, take等。
例1 Mr. Ma is coming. 马老师要来了。
例2 I am leaving Washington for New York. 我马上要离开华盛顿到纽约去了。

你仔细体会一下,这些动词都是表示“来,去”之类的瞬时动词。
所以不能说I'm being a teacher
只有某些趋向性动词才有这种用Ing形式可以表示将来时的用法。主要有以下动词:
go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
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第1个回答  2009-04-10
助动词be的用法

1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。

3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。
说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。
c. 征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?
d. 表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

助动词do 的用法

1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?

2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:
Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

4) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you. 我确实想你。

5) 用于倒装句,例如:
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6) 用作代动词,例如:
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗?
---- Yes, I do. --是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
他知道如何开车,对吧?

其实不光是陈述句,问句中同样有需要区别他们的用法:
例 when do you intend to buy a new car?
when are you going to buy a new car?

后者就不能用do

因为Do后面+实意动词
Be动词,即:am/is/are后面是实意动词+ing形式

参考资料:baidu

第2个回答  2009-04-13
一般疑问句分两种情况,第一种情况,如果句中有系动词,情态动词,助动词,把这些词提到句首.如果句中的谓语动词是实义动词或叫做行为动词,就要在句首加助动词do ,does 或did,现时句中的谓语动词变为原形.
Do you go to school by bus?
Does your father go to work by bus?
Did you go to school by bus?
Are you fine today?
Is your father fine today?
第3个回答  2009-04-10
1)do在基本用法的开头可构成疑问句或否定句.
2)在开头还可以用于恳求.
3)在肯定句中用于谓语动词之前表强调.
do 在英语中除了有实义动词“做”的意义,还有助动词的功能:
不定式to后面可以直接跟动词即to do sth.
或者直接作为谓语.i do ~.
1、构成否定和疑问。
2、加强语气。 例如 Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了

be后面接形容词或者名词,比如to be true或者to be a hero!或者在you can be true
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