几道新概念英语题

Question

把下列句子改为被动语态。
1.Yesterday I bought a book.
2.I have just drunk a glass of milk.
3.Mrs.Jones bought a bag of flour ,a bag of suger and some tea.
4.She always buys floor,suger and tea at the grocer's.

Answer 1

1、A book was bought by me yesterday.

2、A glass of milk has just been drunk by me。

3、A bag of flour ,a bag of suger and some tea were bought by 。Mrs.Jones

4、Floor,suger and tea are always bought by her at the grocer's 。

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
被动语态各时态构成表

TENSE 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 be\V\Vs am\is\are+Vpp
一般将来时 will+V will be +Vpp
现在进行时 am\is\are+Ving am\is\are+being+Vpp
一般过去时 ①was\were②Ved was\were+Vpp
一般完成时 have\has+Vpp have\has+been+Vpp
过去完成时 had+Vpp had+been+Vpp
过去进行时 was\were+Ving was\were+being+Vpp
情态动词 can+V can+be+V
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
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不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：
appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
(错)The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态（keep除外）：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.PS:
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有些动词可以带双宾语
在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to
★He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题
★They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。
★A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。
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特别提醒
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如
We heard him sing in his room just now.
---He was heard to sing in his room just now.
刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。
need doing something也表示被动
一、 被动语态的用法：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard by my mother.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.

Answer 2

1 A book was bought by me yesterday
2 A glass of milk has just been drunk by me
3 A bag of flour ,a bag of suger and some tea were bought by Mrs.Jones
4 floor,suger and tea are always bought by her at the grocer's

Answer 3

一、A book was bought by me yesterday

二、A glass of milk has just been drunk by me

三、A bag of flour ,a bag of suger and some tea were bought by Mrs.Jones

四、Floor,suger and tea are always bought by her at the grocer's

Answer 4

Yesterday a book was bought by me.
A glass of milk has been drunk by me
A bag og flour, a bag og sugar and some tea were bought by mrs.jones
floor,suger and tea are always bought by her at the grocer's